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World War I

World War I. 1914-1918. Going to War. Eagerness to go to war Government Propaganda Previous Wars The “Glorious Adventure”. The Schlieffen Plan. The First Battle of the Marne. WEAPONS. The Machine Gun Foot soldiers Tanks Heavy cannons Aviation Poison Gas. The War in the East.

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World War I

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  1. World War I 1914-1918

  2. Going to War Eagerness to go to war Government Propaganda Previous Wars The “Glorious Adventure”

  3. The Schlieffen Plan

  4. The First Battle of the Marne

  5. WEAPONS The Machine Gun Foot soldiers Tanks Heavy cannons Aviation Poison Gas

  6. The War in the East 1918 (MP18) 7.92mm (adopted 1908 BAR (1918 The Pulemyot Maxima PM1910 comprised a 7.62mm water cooled Russian machine gun adopted in 1910 and modeled closely on the original Maxim gun

  7. Trying to Find New Allies http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html Italy Public Opinion The Treaty of London Other attempts at gaining allies.

  8. The War in the East Flame Throwers Throwing hand grenades. Colt 1911

  9. Trench Warfare Life in the trenches. www.firstworldwar.com

  10. Verdun German Chief of Staff: Erich von Falkenhayn Verdun “bleed France white” Crown Prince Wilhelm Meuse River

  11. Verdun February 1916 French Commander in Chief Joseph Joffre. Numbers (troops) Goals

  12. Verdun Vaux Douaumont Henri-Phillippe Petain (Commander of the French 2nd Army) “VoieSacree”

  13. Verdun Spring 1916 Le Morte-homme Robert Neville Phosgene gas Somme

  14. Verdun The Chancellor’s Opinion (Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg) Mangin replaces Nivelle and retakes Douaumont and Vaux December 15-18, 1916 Results

  15. The War at Home http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/france.htm http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/uk.htm Civilian Morale Social levels

  16. Somme July 1916 Numbers Joseph Joffre Why was the date of the attack moved? Goals

  17. Somme British Commander in Chief Sir Douglas Haig Haig’s Goals Effectiveness of the bombardment Attempts at crossing “No Man’s Land”.

  18. Somme Numbers Effectiveness of Tanks Results

  19. Canada Canada enters the War…Why? Army – 4,000 men Navy – 2 obsolete ships Militia – 70,000 poorly trained In the first month, 30,000 enlisted.

  20. Background Imperial Defense Effects of Navalism French Canadians vs. English Canadians Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier Canada’s New Navy

  21. Canada goes to War Trade Agreements with the USA Exit Laurier Enter Robert Borden War Measures Act 1914 Canadian 1st Division

  22. Sir Sam Hughes One of Canada’s most colorful characters, some historians think Hughes was crazy. One high ranking officer called him “the Mad Mullah of the Militia.” Others claim he was crazy like a fox. Historians agree that Hughes was a nationalist and from the outset, was determined that the Canadian army would be Canadian lead, Canadian equipped and carry Canadian made weapons. A noble and popular position in l914.

  23. Sir Sam Hughes Unfortunately, he fumbled the ball with bad Canadian officers, defective Canadian boots and the much maligned Canadian designed Ross rifle.

  24. Ypres l915 First battle April 22nd to 25th, l914 Canadians withstood first use of poison gas. Saved the British line but the cost was heavy 6,000 casualties of 18,000 men.

  25. Vimy Ridge Easter morning April 9th l917 the Canadian army had grown to over 100,000 commanded by the legendary Julian Byng. The Following months of intensive training and reorganization, the Canadians attacked. It was Canada’s greatest victory and in the view of many historians, made this colony a nation. The cost: 10,000 casualties; the bloodiest day in Canadian history.

  26. Colony to a Nation Prime Minister Borden was determined that sacrifice on the battlefield would not be in vain. In England May l917 the PM demanded and won concessions from the Britain that Canada be treated as an ally, not a colony. Lloyd George was not impressed but Borden stuck to his guns; he knew the British needed our troops and threatened to withdraw. Borden’s tenacity earned Canada a seat in the Imperial War Cabinet.

  27. The Home Front in Canada Casualties and Sacrifices The use of French in schools Abandoning French Instruction

  28. The Conscription Crisis Division over Conscription Borden’s Promise to Great Britain Increased need for agricultural workers

  29. The Conscription Crisis French Canadians vs. English Canadians French Canadians in the military The Royal 22nd Battalion (“The Vandoos”)

  30. The Conscription Crisis The Military Service Act (1917) Domestic Unrest Protests Exemptions for Farmers’ sons

  31. The Canadian Economy Extensive Borrowing The First National Income Tax Nationalized Railroads Canadians of Enemy Origin Increased Cost of living

  32. Canadian Agriculture Canada’s Agriculture Wheat Prices Labor and equipment costs Debt amongst the farmers Results

  33. Woman and the War Woman in the workforce Wages Nurses

  34. War in the Air A new technology in l914, by l918 air warfare had become very important. Over 10,000 Canadians flew in the Royal Flying Corps

  35. Finishing the Job On August 8th, l918, The Canadian and Australian corps ripped a huge gap in the German line and advanced 8 and 7 miles respectively by day’s end. “The black day of the German Army”. The Battle of Amiens

  36. Finishing the Job The 100 Hundred DaysAugust to November l918. During this period the Canadian corps fought and won nine major battles. Affirming its reputation as the British Army’s best. The cost was heavy; over 30,000 casualties.

  37. “doing and dying” Currie’s Commanders The Canadians had learned the hard lessons by “doing and dying”. The were lead by a gifted leader who surrounded himself with very capable officers; a winning combination.

  38. The Last to Fall On November 11th l918, at 10:58 a.m. – two minutes before the armistice, George Price 28thbn, was shot and killed by a German sniper. Likely the last allied soldier to be killed in that war.

  39. The New Canada No nation can endure such turmoil and return to its former ways. What would the new nation look like? How would Canada grieve its dead, bind their wounds and bind over the French vs English schism created by the conscription crisis. Time would tell.

  40. The War At Sea “Contraband” “Noncontraband” International law Neutrals Protests from the United States

  41. The War at Sea “freedom of the seas” Mutual bad feelings Submarines war zones

  42. Lusitania The Lusitania Warnings “Deliberately unfriendly”

  43. Jutland 31 May – 1 June 1916 Vice-Admiral ReinhardScheer Admiral Sir John Jellicoe goals

  44. Jutland The Germans' plan Breaking the codes Eliminating the Submarine factor Results

  45. The United States America’s Viewpoint Woodrow Wilson Keeping the “door” open. Control of the colonies.

  46. The United States American security The threat of German victory Staying neutral

  47. The United States promoting the economic and commercial interests of the U.S. Recession in 1913-1914 Trading with both sides. Realizations unrestricted submarine warfare

  48. The United States Dollars and “sense” Loans Bonds

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