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MAR ITIM MIL JØSATSING

MAR ITIM MIL JØSATSING. Programme Overview - March 2001. Morten Østby Programrådgiver. R&D Areas:. Time Limited thematic programmes. Short Sea Shipping. Waterborne Transport - SeaTraLog. GREENSHIP. MARITIME IT Operation. Ship Operation & ICT. MARINOR. MARITIME IT Yards.

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MAR ITIM MIL JØSATSING

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  1. MARITIMMILJØSATSING Programme Overview - March 2001 Morten Østby Programrådgiver

  2. R&D Areas: Time Limited thematic programmes Short Sea Shipping Waterborne Transport - SeaTraLog GREENSHIP MARITIME IT Operation Ship Operation & ICT MARINOR MARITIME IT Yards 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 MARITIME - A Cluster Oriented R&D ProgrammeThe Research Council of Norway 1. Waterborne Transport & Logistics 2. Ship Operation Maritime Environmental Research-MARMIL 3. Ship Building & Building Technology 4. Ship Systems & Equipment

  3. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Main Goal: Stimulate to Environmental Friendly Design and Operation of Ships and Offshore Vessels Make Environmental Investments Profitable for the Owner Make Environmental Operation to a Competitive Advantage

  4. MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Steering Committee Terje C. Gløersen, Norw. Ship OwnersAss. (chairman)Rolf Kjær, Color Line ASA Per Magne Einang, Marintek Sveinung Oftedal, Norw. Maritime Directorate Ola Dønnem, Grieg International Per Inge Flakke, Smedvig ASA Kjell Einar Olsen, Det Norske Veritas Knut M. Skaar, Seatrans ANS Terje E. Gautesen, Bergesen dy ASA Paul F. Sørensen, (representing RCN) Program Manager : Morten Østby, DNV

  5. PP 1 Improved Knowledge on Environmental Impacts from Ships PP 2 Environmental Management and Training PP 3 Technology for Reduction of Environmental Impact from Ships MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Three Part Programs

  6. PP 1.1 Improved International Statistical Data on Pollution from Ship Operation - DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) PP 1.2 EU Concerted Action - Ballast Water Sampling - UNIFOB (98, 99) PP 1.3 Ballast Water Management and Decision Support - DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) PP 1.4 Increased Knowledge of Crude Oil during Sea Transportation CRUCOGSA - HiV (-97, 98, 99) PP 4.1 Environmental Assessment of Ship Transpor-tation in a Life Cycle Perspective NTNU (-98,99,00, 01) PP 1.6 Total Environmental Emission from Ship Transportation in Norway -Preproject -Marintek(00) Part Program 1 - Improved Knowledge on Environmental Impacts from Ships

  7. PP 1.1 Improved International Statistical Data on Pollution from Ship Operation - DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) OBJECTIVE Develop the Principals for Collection of Ship Related Environmental Data such as Operational, Accidental and AvoidableEmissions to Air and Discharges to Sea Divided on Ship Types, Trades and Geographical Areas Identify a System for Collection, Storage and Analyses of Environmental Data Identify the Framework and Plans for an Environmental Information System including Permanent Routines for Reporting

  8. PP 1.1 Improved International Statistical Data on Pollution from Ship Operation - DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) Method of Work • Phase I: Sources and Geographical Location • Inventory List • Definition of Selected Pollutants • Assembly of Environmental Statistics (Specified format in a limited scale) • Perform a ‘Demonstrator’-Project • Phase II: Specification of a IT-Based Evaluation System • Definition of the Evaluation System • Plans for Establishing a Centre/Secretary • Phase III:Implementation of a Permanent Global Data Collection System

  9. PP 1.3 Ballast Water Management and Decision Suppport - DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) OBJECTIVE To develop a risk based ballast water management approach that will contribute to the prevention of transfer of harmful organisms in ballast water A three phase study: Phase 1 - Pre-study - Identify Principals for Incompatibility atlas Phase 2 - Integration Phase - Further development of project including focus on risk assessment Phase 3 - Detailing of the system

  10. PP 1.3 Ballast Water Management and Decision Suppport - DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) Scope of Work • Define Structure of an Incompatibility Atlas • Identification of Biological Geographical Zones and Biological Sub Provincial Areas • Identification of Ship Trades • Identification of Risk Assessment Algorithms for Spreading of Harmful Organisms • Identify Criteria for Risk Assessment with links to Ship Routes, Temperature Zones, Duration of Voyage, etc. • Establish a GIS-based Demonstrator

  11. BATHYMETRY INFORMATION IS IMPLEMENTED IN A STANDARD DATABASE AND GIS SYSTEM

  12. BIOLOGICAL REGIONS

  13. PP 1.4 Environmental Assessment of Ship Transpor-tation in a Life Cycle Perspective NTNU (-98,99,00, 01) OBJECTIVE Document the environmental impacts by taking into use different environmental management tools Reduce the uncertainties related to data collected based on present practise Form the basis for comparison between different transport modes Form the basis for evaluating optimal transport solutions (modal or intermodal) The project has two phases: Phase one: Perform a screening analysis and to identify appropriate methods to be used to evaluate environmental performance of ship transportation in a life cycle perspective. Phase two: Test the recommended methods on new case studies, improve weighting models and develop databases for environmental life cycle evaluation of ship transportation. International co-operation will be an important part of this phase.

  14. PP 1.4 Environmental Assessment of Ship Transpor-tation in a Life Cycle Perspective NTNU (-98,99,00, 01) Scope of Work The project has two phases: Phase one: Perform a screening analysis and to identify appropriate methods to be used to evaluate environmental performance of ship transportation in a life cycle perspective. Phase two: Test the recommended methods on new case studies, improve weighting models and develop databases for environmental life cycle evaluation of ship transportation. International co-operation will be an important part of this phase

  15. PP 1.4 Life Cycle Evaluation of Ship Transportation NTNU (-98, 99, 00, 01) Method of Work • Identification of: • Ship Systems and Energy Use, Emissions and Discharges to include • Life Cycle Phases and Processes to include • Appropriate Reference Systems • Project Tasks: • System Boundaries and Functional Units • Environmental Impact Models and Performance Evaluation • Reference Ships and Best Available Technology • Application and Interpretation • Recommended Practice

  16. PP 4.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships MARINTEK (-99, 00) PP 4.5 PP 4.5 Ship Scrapping MD/DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) Environmental Effect of Ship Transportation DNV/UiO (00, 01) Part Program 1 - Improved Knowledge on Environmental Impacts from Ships

  17. PP 1.6 Ship Scrapping MD/DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) OBJECTIVE To Establish a Better International Framework to Ensure Satisfactory Scrapping of Ships with Respect to both Human Safety and Environmental Consequences

  18. PP 1.6 Ship Scrapping MD/DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) Scope of Work • Identification of: • Trends on Ship Scrapping with Respect to Location and Volume • Types and Quantities of Harmful Substances on board a Ship • Potential Environmental Hazards Associated with Ship Demolition • Project Tasks: • Case Studies • Assessment of Effects on the Local Communities - Site Inspections • Legal Aspects • International Regulation • Environmental Accounting - Material Inventory Dossier

  19. PP 1.6 Ship Scrapping MD/DNV (98, 99, 00, 01) Method of Work • The work complies of two main tasks: To identify trends on ship scrapping with respect to location and volume in order to enable a first approach on evaluating the potential environmental burden associated with this activity. Further to establish a basis of knowledge in relation to type and quantity of environmental harmful substancesthat found on board a vessel due to be demolished

  20. Ship Scrapping - Phase 1 • Identify trends in the ship scrapping industry • On location (the scrapping sites of the world) • On volume (the past and future predictions) • Identify substances of environmental concern • Present in ship structure, systems and components • Identify routines on disposal and handling • Removal and treatment of hazardous waste • Distribution of scrapping candidates as a function of flag state

  21. Main scrapping centres: India/Bangladesh/ Pakistan (80% of world market) Expected growth in the scrapping markets Demand for increased capacity might open for the arrival of other non OECD scrapping nations (Vietnam, Phillipines) Substances of concern: Asbestos/ PCB/ Hg/ Pb/ TBT/ Zn/ Hydrocarbon residues No waste reception facilities identified Steel recovering, material and waste handling carried out with no protective measures Ship Scrapping - Phase 1 - Conclusions Conclusions in brief

  22. Ship Scrapping - Phase 2 • Measures by the Shipping Industry • Develop format and guidelines for an inventory list (‘Shipboard Inventory Dossier Environment’ SIDE) of waste on board vessels for scrapping • Develop guidelines for preparing a vessel for scrapping including removal of operational waste prior to arrival at the scrapping location • Measures related to Scrapping Facilities • Mapping of working and waste disposal practices at a typical scrap yard • Develop a "Ship Breaking Industries Best Practice Guideline" as a basis for improving work practices • Evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of scrapping of ships in OECD-countries in relation to facilities in the Far East - Opportunities and limitations

  23. Study of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships Presented at MEPC by: Kjell Olav Skjølsvik MARINTEK James Corbett CMU Aage Bjørn Andersen DNV John Magne Skjelvik ECON

  24. PP 4.6 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships Marintek (99, 00) OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to undertake an examination of greenhouse gas emissions reduction possibilities through different technical, operational, and market-based approaches Available information has been compiled and presented in way that the consortium believe will be valuable for the Marine Environmental Protection Committee, in considerations and development of a policy document on greenhouse gas emissions from ships

  25. Status Emission Contribution to inventory tropospheric ozone Assessment of available technical and operational measures Effect of implementation of technical and operational measures Case study Modal comparison Constraints and implications of introduction of pollution and safety measures Market-based approach for implementation of measures

  26. Conclusions: • Emissions from shipping may be determined by internationally recognised methods. Level of uncertainty should be reduced. • Further research is needed to verify global climate effects of NOx emissions from shipping • A variety of options are available for reduction of GHG emissions from shipping. • Technical measures will have limited potential for reduction of emissions. With a continuing growth of demand for shipping services, the emissions from shipping will increase. • Operational measures identified as the most promising measure for emission control • Emission reduction initiatives for new ship designs should be encouraged • Voluntary agreements, emission standards and credit trading considered to be the most feasible market mechanisms to curb GHG emissions • Shipping is a small contributor to global emissions and an important participant in development of sustainable transport solutions.

  27. Marine emissions in 1996 using fuel consumption methodology, applying CORINAIR emission factors

  28. Estimated traffic density based on data from 1996

  29. Estimated global mean radiative forcing (W m -2 ) and associated uncertainty due to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations and aerosols from pre-industrial times to the present (1992) and in solar output from 1850 to the present (Source IPCC)

  30. NOx and Tropospheric Ozone • The report provides: • Description of the relationship between NOx/Ozone and globale climate • Description of how to assess the effect from shipping • Presents predictions from a Global Chemical Transport Model analysis • Global impacts of ship NOx on tropospheric ozone and on global warming appears significant but still uncertain • Future research into global climate impacts from shipping will need to include effects of CO2, NOx, and SOx emissions from ships.

  31. Technical and operational measures for reductions: • Divided between new and existing ships • Divided between short-term (state-of-the-art) and long-term • Divided between technical and operational measures • Assessment of alternatives based on references found • Summary of potential for 12 technical and 10 operational measures • Variety of options and combinations available • Trade-off between emission components • Variety in cost, effect and applicability

  32. Conclusions from cases study and modal analysis: • Technical and operational measures have a limited potential for contribution to reduced emissions from ships • Different ship types have different performance and different potential for reductions by technical measures • Operational measures found to have larger potential than technical measures • Ships compare well with other modes. GHG control in freight transportation requires a system approach

  33. PP 1 Improved Knowledge on Environmental Impacts from Ships PP 2 Environmental Management and Training PP 3 Technology for Reduction of Environmental Impact from Ships MARITIME ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH Three Part Programs

  34. PP 2.1 Ship Environmental Accounting System DNV (-97 and 98) PP 2.2 Guidelines on Environmental Management based on the ISM Code - NSA (-97) PP 2.3 Guidelines on Environmental Reporting for use by Shipping and Offshore Companies - NSA (-97) PP 2.4 PP 3.2 Establishment of a Database for Onboard Chemicals - NSA (-97) Training Programs on Environmental Issues for Maritime Personnel - ( -99, -00 and -01) Part Program 2 - Environmental Management and Training

  35. To Develop a Simple System for Calculation of Operational Emissions to Air, Discharges to Seaand Deliveries to Shore for the Major Pollutants onboard a Ship during Normal Operation PP 2.1 Ship Environmental Accounting System Objectives:

  36. PP 2.2 Guidelines on Environmental Management based on the ISM Code OBJECTIVE • To develop a brief Guidelines for Environmental Management in shipping companies and ship management companies, in the spirit of and in accordance with the format of the ISM Code, and at an ambition level equal at least to that of the ISO 14001 Standard for Environmental Management

  37. PP 2.2 Guidelines on Environmental Management based on the ISM Code Scope of Work • Develop a guideline for Environmental Management with basis in the requirements in the ISM Code • Identify and specify the environmental elements in the ISM Code, and perform a review of MARPOL, ISO14001, EMAS and other relevant schemes to identify any additional or specific items and aspects • Identify overlapping requirements and requirements which are specified within each standard/-code, such that difference and similarities are shown • The format of the Guidelines is the one underlying the publication by the ICS/ISF: "Guidelines on the application of the IMO International Safety Management (ISM) Code"

  38. PP 2.3 Guidelines on Environmental Reporting for use by Shipping and Offshore Companies OBJECTIVE • To develop a brief Guidelines for Environmental Reporting for use by shipping companies and ship management companies in connection with Annual Reporting

  39. PP 3.2 Environmental Training based on Results from MARMIL - Marintek OBJECTIVE • To establish an effective environmental training program based on the project results for the research program Maritim miljøsatsing – MARMIL

  40. PP 3.2 Environmental Training based on Results from MARMIL - Marintek Scope of Work • Co-operate with other projects with the program to establish education and training material covering the project results • Adjust the training material to different types of learning systems used by the participating shipowners • Utilise the results from the project ’Flexible learning system for the shipping industry (A project supported by the Research Council of Norway under the program ’Ship Information and Communication Program) • Develop and test a demonstrator based on the resultsfrom the project ’Green Efforts on Existing Ships’

  41. PP 4.4 PP 5.1 Green Efforts on Existing Ships MARINTEK (-98, 99, 00, 01) Methods for Determination ofEmissions from Ships - MARINTEK (-98) PP 5.2 Alternative Fuel for Propulsion and Power Generation- MARINTEK (98, 99, 00, 01) PP 5.3 Reduction of VOC-Emissions during Offshore Loading - MARINTEK (-97, -98 -99) PP 5.6 PP 5.7 Sewage Treatment Jets Vacuum (-98, -99, -00) Ozone Treatment of Ballast Water Barber Ship Mangement ( -99, -00) PP 5.8 Internal Engine Combustion - Pre-Project Rolls-Royce Marine ( -00, -01) Part Program 3 - Technology for Reduction of Environmental Impact from Ships

  42. PP 4.4 Green Efforts on Existing Ships MARINTEK (-98, 99, 00, 01) Objective Documentation of cost efficiency of possible green effort applicable for existing ship, by full scale demonstration

  43. The MarMilProgram Green efforts on Existing Ships Documentation of cost efficiency of possible green effort applicable for existing ship, by full scale demonstration • Possible green • efforts: • Technology efforts • Operation of vessel • Waste disposal • Procedure • Attitudes/training • Hands on experience: • Environmental improvements • Investments • Operation costs • Savings • Operation properties • Documentation standards • Benefit: • Maritime Authorities • Legislation • Incentives Ship Owners • Cost effective efforts • Competitive edge • Operation/training Education • Efforts and characteristicsCargo Owners • Classification Improved Environment Norwegian Shipowners Association/The Research Council of Norway

  44. Possible subjects for ”Green Efforts for Existing Ships” Code: Systemise Existing Documentation Preliminary Study before further Actions Project Activity • Mapping of Emissions from Ships • Case ship, emissions to air, sea and shore • Engine Related Effort • Emission rating • Controlled fuel injection, electronically/hydraulically • Added Water during Combustion • Emulsion/homogenisation • Water injection • Humid air motor HAM • Exhaust After Treatment • Selective catalytic reduction SCR cont.

  45. Possible subjects for ”Green Efforts for Existing Ships” cont. • Low Sulphur Heavy Fuels • Availability of low sulphur heavy fuels • Laboratory engine tests • Operational aspects • TBT-free Anti-fouling Paints • Self polishing, hydrolysis type • Super sleek, silicone based • Cleaning, mechanical, high pressure water, ultrasonic • Energy Conservation • Waist Production, Handling, Depositing • Technology Surveillance

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