TODAY we will do… Notes Discussion Reading “Nature of Science” packet

1. TODAY we will do… Notes Discussion Reading “Nature of Science” packet

2. Rule for NOTES • Raise your hand to talk or get out of your seat …please.

3. Table of Contents Ch. 1: The Nature of Science Section 1: The Methods of Science Section 2: Measurement Section 3: Communicating with Graphs

4. White = write it down Anyothercolor=read&listen Color CodingRules

5. What is Science ? • I. Science …. • is a way to study nature by observing, experimenting, and modeling. • problem solving. • offers explanations that change over time.

6. The Methods of Science 1 What is Science? • It is a process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about events in nature.

7. The Methods of Science 1 What is Science? Nature follows a set of rules. • Some rules are very complex (human body). • Some are very simple. Ex: Earth rotates about once every 24 hours.

8. The Methods of Science 1 Major Categories of Science • II. Science consists of 3 branches • Biology – anatomy, zoology, botany, and many more • Physical Science – chemistry & physics • Earth Science – meteorology, geology, & astronomy

9. 1 Science Explains Nature! In the late eighteenth century, most people thought that heat was an invisible fluid with NO MASS! Scientists observed that heat seemed to f l o wlike a fluid!

10. 1 Science Explains Nature! However, the heat fluid idea did NOT explain everything. If heat were an actual fluid, an iron bar at 1,000C should have more mass than one at 100C because it would have more of the heat fluid in it. This turned out to be FALSE because science CHANGES over time !

11. d. What is science NOT? WRITE ONE… • Superstition • Folklore • Religion • Fake science or pseudoscience • supernatural

12. Please raise your hand to speak so that I can hear people • No talking while I am talking • No talking when someone else is talking LAST day to finish all lab stations

13. B E L L W O R K • You have 5 minutes to finish “The Nature of Science” • Turn to “Connect It” on the last page. Make sure you answered at least 3 of these questions: “The problem would be…” “The scientists would need to know…” “A hypothesis could be…” “To experiment, they could….

14. The Methods of Science III. Scientific Method – an organized way of doing an investigation (6 Steps) Step 1: State the Problem / Question. How? What? Why? Make observations Step 2: Gather Information (Research) – What have others found out? Read up. Step 3: Form a Hypothesis (ifthen statement) ex: If ceramics are resistant to heat, then they might protect the space shuttle.

15. The Methods of Science 1 Researching and Gathering Information • Before designing an experiment it is useful to learn as much as possible about the background of the problem.

16. Step 4: Test the Hypothesis ( experiment ) • a) Independent variable – changed by YOU! (goes on X-axis) Ex: tooth-whitening toothpaste • b) Dependent Variable – changes in response to I.V. (goes on the Y-axis). • The one you are measuring Ex: the whiteness of the teeth

17. B O O K S Go on the shelf under your desk. Coach Reid has to sweep under the desks everyday. Room inspection for candy / gum wrappers.

18. Put this sketch in your notes c) Variable – any factor that can cause a change in an experiment d) Constants – factors that we need to keep the same b / t groups Ex: type of toothbrush, type of toothpaste, mouthwash, length of brushing time, coffee drinkers e) Control – a standard to compare the results to Ex: group that uses ONLY regular toothpaste

19. Listen – Read – Discusspgs. 7 - 8 1. Scientists study _________. 2. Can you skip steps in the scientific method?Write only the answer:__________________ 3. Scientists do not always follow a rigid set of _________. 4. What was the problem that NASA faced? 5. What information did NASA scientists gather? Write the answer _________________________. 6. Their hypothesis was ? _________________.

20. Please skip to pg. 10 in your book

22. Step 5: Analysis – making charts, tables, and graphs out of _______.

23. Step 6: Conclusion – decide whether the data does or doesnot support your ___________. Ex: If you use tooth-whitening toothpaste, then your teeth will get whiter. YES OR NO? Ex: If you use tooth-whitening toothpaste, then it will have NO EFFECT on teeth.YES OR NO?

24. a. Bias – when your expectations change how you view the _______. To prevent bias… • Do several trials • Record measurements carefully. • Don’t try to make data fit the hypothesis. • On the next page is a flowchart. Draw it in your notes (the steps and the arrows). Then do my chant.

25. (question) 1

26. 1 IV. WHAT IF AN EXPERIMENT IS IMPOSSIBLE? a. Test the hypothesis by making observations. b. test by building a modeland relating it to real-life situations.

28. Test a hypothesis about a cell by building a cell model (next year)

29. Standards of Measurement V. The Fertilizer Experiment Suppose you want to test different fertilizers Step 1: __________________________________ Step 2: Skip it this time !! Step 3: If I used ________ on a plant then it will _________.

30. Standards of Measurement V. The Fertilizer Experiment Step 4: How would you do the experiment ? I.V.: _______________ D.V.: _______________ Constants: _______________________________ Control: _______________

32. Step 5: The results are _____________. Step 6: A conclusion would be that the results do / don’t show that…..

33. ANnOuncEmeNtS THESE STUDENTS PLEASE COME TO MY ROOM DURING ADVISORY FOR TESTING. • Jacob P., Tommy P., Josh P., Rocky, Isaiah I will stamp your agenda TEST WEDNESDAY NOTES READING

34. The Methods of Science 1 High-Tech Models C. Model – represents an idea or object to help people understand it better • Today, many scientists use computers to build models. • NASA experiments involving space flight would not be practical without computers.

35. The Methods of Science 1 V. Laws vs. Theories • A. Theory – explanation based on knowledge from many observations and investigations. • Can change over time. • eg: theory of relativity • B. Law – statement about what happens in nature that seems to be true all the time. • eg: law of gravity (doesn’t change) A law summarizes what happens while a theory explains why something happens.

36. The Methods of Science 1 VI. Pure Science vs. Technology • A. Technology – the application of science to help people. • ex: hybridvehicles,cell phones,microwaves,TV’s,vaccinations, satellites, etc. • B. Pure science – for the sake of knowledge itself. • ex: number of electrons in each atomic orbital • ex: KE = ½ mv2

38. The Methods of Science 1 PET Scan: Science or Technology?

39. High-Tech Models 1 Another type of model is a simulator.

40. The Methods of Science 1 Sometimes people cannot see everything that they are testing. • They might be observing something that is too large, too small, or takes too much time to see completely.

41. Test next wednesday! Scientific Method Branches of Science Laws vs. Theories Technology vs. Science Models

42. NOT a permanent grade! Check missing assignments against papers handed back. Homework = 45% Tests = 50% Quizzes = 5% 9/12/2008 Progress 72 % C MSNG-R-0 is a missing assignment ½ credit for missing assignments F’s will be pulled out of study hall Monday Progress Reports

43. Standards of Measurement 2

46. Standards of Measurement 2

47. Section Check 2

48. Standards of Measurement 2 About Mr. See… • 1999 graduated from CHS • Worked in Topeka, KS as a drop bury cable contractor • Contract cable installer in Peru, LaSalle, Joliet - Chicago • Worked as an ice thrower for Mid-Am Ice Corp. in Clinton during summers. • Became a truck driver for Mid-Am Ice

49. Standards of Measurement 2 • Started a Tropical Sno shaved ice stand in Warsaw, MO • Graduated from UCM with a BS in Biomedical Science • Opened a Tropical Sno in Clinton, sold the one in Warsaw • Taught physical science, chemistry, genetics, and botany at Adrian for 1 year. • Came to teach physical science and chemistry at Warsaw.

50. Standards of Measurement 2 Measuring Liquid Volume • A liter occupies the same volume as a cubic decimeter, dm3. • A cubic decimeter is a cube that is 1 dm, or 10cm, on each side.