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EE5900 Advanced Embedded System For Smart Infrastructure

EE5900 Advanced Embedded System For Smart Infrastructure. Dr. Shiyan Hu EERC 518 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University. 1. Class Time and Office Hour. Class Time: MWF 14:05-14:55 (EERC 216)

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EE5900 Advanced Embedded System For Smart Infrastructure

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  1. EE5900 Advanced Embedded System For Smart Infrastructure Dr. Shiyan Hu EERC 518 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University 1

  2. Class Time and Office Hour • Class Time: MWF 14:05-14:55 (EERC 216) • Office Hours: MWF 15:00-15:50 or by appointment, office: EERC 731 • Textbook (suggested) • Distribution System Modeling and Analysis, William H. Kersting. CRC Press, 2012. • Grading: • Homework 25% • Project 50% • Exams 25%

  3. Course Website • http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/shiyan/EE5900Spring14.htm • Contact information of instructor • Email: shiyan@mtu.edu • EERC 518 • Instructor’s webpage: http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/shiyan

  4. Embedded Systems An information processing system embedded into a larger product End user visualizes using the product, not the computer Other Definitions Specialized computing device not deployed as general purpose computer. A specialized computer system which is dedicated to a specific task. A device not independently programmable by the user. preprogrammed to perform a narrow range of functions with minimal end user or operator intervention. What Is An Embedded System?

  5. Essentially any product line being built today Trains and automobiles Telecommunication Manufacturing Smart Buildings Robotics Application Areas

  6. Typical system could integrate several technologies: Microprocessor Sensor technologies Actuator technologies (e.g. mechatronics) Power scavenging (e.g. magnetic inductance) Wireless transceivers Impossible without the computer Meaningless without the electronics Embedded Systems From Real Life

  7. Multiple processors Up to 100 Networked together Multiple networks Body, engine, telematics, media, safety Car Example • Large diversity in processor types: • 8-bit – door locks, lights, etc. • 16-bit – most functions • 32-bit – engine control, airbags • Typical Functions: • ABS: Anti-lock braking systems • ESP: Electronic stability control • Efficient automatic gearboxes • Theft prevention with smart keys • Blind-spot alert systems

  8. Dependable Often used in safety-critical systems Definition of dependability is application-dependent Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety, Security Efficient Energy efficient Code-size efficient (especially for systems on a chip) Run-time efficient Weight efficient Cost efficient Often involve hybrid systems (analog and digital parts) Characteristics of Embedded Systems

  9. Real-time constraints Need timely response to stimuli from the controlled object Right answers arriving too late are wrong. Hard Real Time Systems: not meeting a deadline could result in a catastrophe response time must be guaranteed analytically Soft Real-Time Systems: it is OK to occasionally miss a deadline not too often response time can be defined statistically e.g. video streaming Characteristics of Embedded Systems

  10. Embedded system design for smart infrastructure What is smart infrastructure? Focus

  11. Smart Grid

  12. Classical Power System v.s. Smart Grid 12

  13. The Classical Power System 13

  14. Smart Grid: Making Every Component Intelligent Clean Reliable Secure Energy Efficient Money Efficient

  15. IBM Smarter Planet 15

  16. Renewable Energy

  17. The Integrated Power and Communication System 17

  18. Smart Power Transmission and Distribution • More devices integrated such as IED, PMU, FRTU, FDR • Improved monitoring and control • Improved cybersecurity • Energy efficiency • Expense efficiency

  19. Smart Community http://www.meti.go.jp 19

  20. Smart Home http://www.yousharez.com/2010/11/20/house-of-dreams-a-smart-house-concept/ To Minimize Expense and Maximize Renewable Energy Usage 20

  21. Smart Appliances 21

  22. Compact OS and Remote Control 22

  23. ZigBee Home Area Network (HAN) http://www.zigbee.org/ 23

  24. ZigBee Local Area Network (LAN) 24

  25. Smart Home Deployment in Urban Area 25

  26. Relationship With Smart Building 26

  27. Property 1: Dynamic Pricing from Utility Company Illinois Power Company’s price data Price ($/kwh) Pricing for one-day ahead time period 27

  28. Property 2: Renewable Energy Resource • Marcelo Gradella Villalva, Jonas Rafael Gazoli, and Ernesto Ruppert Filho. Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 5, May 2009 28

  29. Benefit of Smart Home • Reduce monetary expense • Reduce peak load • Maximize renewable energy usage 29

  30. Smart Scheduler 30

  31. Smart Scheduling • Demand Side Management • when to launch a home appliance • at what frequency • The variable frequency drive (VFD) is to control the rotational speed of an alternating current (AC) electric motor through controlling the frequency of the electrical power supplied to the motor • for how long • use grid energy or renewable energy • use battery or not 31

  32. VFD Impact Powerr Power 3 cents / kwh 5 cents/kwh 3 cents / kwh 5 cents/kwh 10 kwh 5 kwh 1 2 3 1 2 Time Time (b) (a) cost = 5 kwh * 5 cents/kwh + 5 kwh * 3 cents/kwh = 40 cents cost = 10 kwh * 5 cents/kwh = 50 cents 32

  33. Uncertainty of Appliance Execution Time • In advanced laundry machine, time to do the laundry depends on the load. How to model it? 33

  34. Uncertainty in Renewable Energy 34

  35. Tripping Out 35

  36. Problem Formulation • Given n home appliances, to schedule them for monetary expense minimization considering VFD and variations • Algorithm for continuous VFD • Algorithm for discrete VFD • Solutions for continuous VFD • Solutions for discrete VFD 1 2 3 4 36

  37. Design The Control Board Power flow Internet Control flow 37

  38. The Implementation Using ARM 38

  39. The Implementation Using FPGA 39

  40. Schematic of FPGA Implementation 40

  41. Chip Implementation 41

  42. Next Step For Multiple Users • Pricing at 10:00am is cheap, so how about scheduling everything at that time? Will not be cheap anymore 10:00 42

  43. Game Theory Based Scheduling 43

  44. Impact To The Power System? • How does it impact the power system with and without smart home scheduling? 44

  45. Summary • What is an embedded system? • What are the characteristics? • What is smart home? • How to implement it? 45

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