1 / 25

Welcome to CVA

Welcome to CVA. Fall 2004. Introduction. Syllabus Schedule. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. What is it? Vertebrate Descriptive Morphology Vertebrate Functional Morphology Ontogenetic change Phylogenetic change. It incorporates:. Genetics mechanisms of heredity effects on variation

grant-miles
Download Presentation

Welcome to CVA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Welcome to CVA Fall 2004

  2. Introduction • Syllabus • Schedule

  3. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy • What is it? • Vertebrate Descriptive Morphology • Vertebrate Functional Morphology • Ontogenetic change • Phylogenetic change

  4. It incorporates: • Genetics • mechanisms of heredity • effects on variation • control of development • Embryology (study of development) • Molecular Biology • Biochem Physiology: form and function at many levels

  5. Paleontology • Historical record of past anatomy • How many species have existed on Earth? • How many are extinct? • Ecology • Interactions between species and their environment • Physics? (Handout)

  6. Area of coverage • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Urochordata (=Tunicata) • Sea squirts, larvaceans, thaliaceans • Subphylum Cephalochordata • Amphioxus (lancelet) • Subphylum Craniata (=Vertebrata of Haeckel) • Hagfish (Mixini) • Vertebrata

  7. Deuterostomata Pharyngotremata Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Somitichordata Amphioxus (Cephalochordata) Crinoids, Sea stars, etc Enteropneusta (Acorn worms) Protostome Invertebrates Tunicates (Tunicata) Craniates Pterobranchia

  8. Protostome inverts • Deuterostome inverts

  9. Hemichordata (incertae sedis)(=Enteropneusta) Acorn Worm Pterobranch

  10. Acorn worm (Sarcoglossa)

  11. Pharyngeal (“gill”) slits • Opening from the gill chamber • Can include associated tissues • P. pouch – outpocketing of the gut • P. arch – tissues lying between P. slits

  12. Urochordata (=Tunicata)Corella parallelograma Notochord – cordlike skeleton of the back

  13. Ascidian tunicate

  14. P. Chordata, Sp. CephalochordataAmphioxus Somites – rectangular shaped pairs of mesoderm on sides of notochord – gives rise to axial skeleton, muscles and dermis

  15. Sp. Craniata

  16. Some Concept Review • Ideas of Darwin and Wallace • Evolutionary Developmental Concepts • Ontogeny: the history of an individual from initiation of cell division to death • Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of independent lineages or species

  17. “Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” • Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) • German anatomist • Embryonic stages of an animal reflect its evolutionary history 1874

  18. Better explained by: • Von Baer’s “Law” (1828): General (primitive) features develop earlier in ontogeny than do special features (derived) that distinguish groups • Biogenetic “Law”: features that develop earliest in ontogeny are the oldest phylogenetically and features developing later in ontogeny are of more recent phylogenetic origin

  19. A few notes on Patterns and Process in Evolution • Homology: • Analogy: • Homoplasy:

  20. Cladistic Classification / Phylogenetic systematics • The science of evolutionary grouping based on shared derived characteristics • The naming of organisms based on these groups • Plesiomorphy: • Synapomorphy: • Autapomorphy: • Monophyly: • Paraphyly: • Polyphyly:

  21. M N A B C Cladogram Branch Node Internode Root OTU Ingroup Outgroup Autapomorphy Plesiomorphy Synapomorphy

  22. Next Time… • Characters that define the Vertebrates

More Related