CHEETAH – a high speed optical network

1. CHEETAH – a high speed optical network Xiuduan Fang, Tao Li, Mark Eric McGinley, Xiangfei Zhu, and Malathi Veeraraghavan

2. How does today's Internet work? • Regular mail: Letters are sent in envelopes and routed from post-office to post-office, with each post-office examining the address on the envelope to determine the next post-office to which the letter should be forwarded • Internet: Your email messages, for example, are broken up into small packets. Each packet carries the destination address in a header. Each router extracts the address from the header, and determines the next-hop router to which to forward the packet. Abilene: Backbone network of Internet 2 Internet2: Universities + Research LaboratoriesFrom http://abilene.internet2.edu/maps-lists/

3. What does a router look like? A typical packet Header Part of a user message Header contains source and destination addresses Example: A Cisco GSR 12008 router

4. Internet's bandwidth sharing mechanism • Today's Internet operates in a reservationless mode • A computer is not required to reserve bandwidth before sending packets from an application, such as email • Consequence: congestion can result if many users' simultaneously send emails or access the web. • Packets can be delayed excessively, or even dropped by routers! • Analogy: The roadways network; convenient, efficient usage, but a driver could be held up in traffic jams Second delay >> First delay Packet 3 was dropped because of other users' packets competing for "road space"

5. A new bandwidth-sharing mechanism • Reservation-oriented bandwidth sharing • User application signals its required data rate to the network • The network reserves this rate, if available, on each link of the end-to-end path • Consequence: If a user request is admitted, service quality is excellent; no unpredictable delays or losses • Analogy: Airline travel; a user reserves a seat on each flight of a multi-flight trip before starting the trip • We are building high-speed optical networks using this mode of bandwidth-sharing

6. Building block: reservation-capable switches Example Cisco 15454

7. CHEETAH: Circuit-switched High-speed End-to-End Transport Architecture • CHEETAH • Sponsored by National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE); • Built to support scientific research projects, such as the Terascale Supernova Initiative (TSI) • TSI • Sponsored by the DOE • Study the explosion mechanism of supernovae • rare in our galaxy • need computer simulations to understand this mechanism • Enabling technology: TeraScale computing resources

8. Example: The Crab Nebula, remnant of SN 1054 supernova • Core collapse supernovae: the most energetic explosions in the Universe • Scientists need to study explosion mechanism and understand observables • Technology used: Large-scale, multi-dimensional computer simulations conducted by supercomputers • Simulation generates huge amount of data at terabyte (1012) scale or even larger, which needs to be further processed by scientists’ computers The picture: one of the largest ever image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1054

9. Problem: How to move simulation data Move data through Internet? Cray XT3 Supercomputer Scientist Picture obtained from http://www.science.doe.gov/National_Laboratories/index.htm

10. Application of CHEETAH Network NYC HOPI Force10 CUNY Foundry UVa UVa Catalyst 4948 1G Internet H Mvstu6 152.48.249.106 1G 1G WASH HOPI Force10 H H cuny-h1 134.74.17.112 cuny-h2 134.74.17.113 NCSU Prof. John Blondin CUNY 2x1G MPLS tunnels NCSU M20 WASH Abilene T640 Orbitty Cluster Centuar FastIron FESX448 H Oak Ridge National Lab Force10 E300 switch Wukong 152.48.249.102 H 1G 1GFC 1G UCNS 3x1G VLAN • Reserve bandwidth • Move the terabyte sized files OC192 OC192 GbE 1G 1G 1G MCNC Catalyst 6500 1-8-33 GbE 10GbE OC192 1G 1-8-34 1-7-33 1-6-1 1-7-1 1G 1G 1-8-35 Zelda4 10.0.0.14 1-7-34 H 1G 1G 1-8-36 1-7-35 Zelda5 10.0.0.15 1-7-1 1-8-1 1G H 1-8-37 1-7-36 1-6-17 1-7-17 1-8-38 1G 1G H Cheetah-ornl Wuneng 152.48.249.103 1-8-39 cheetah-nc Juniper T320 OC-192 lamda Raleigh Atlanta OC-192 lamda GbE OC192 10GbE 1G Zelda1 10.0.0.11 1-7-33 H 1G Zelda2 10.0.0.12 1-7-34 H 1G Zelda3 10.0.0.13 1-7-35 1-6-1 H 1-7-36 1G Direct fibers Juniper T320 1-7-1 1-7-37 1G 1-7-38 VLANs 1-6-17 1-7-39 MPLS tunnels Cheetah-atl

11. Demo introduction • Data being moved from Cray to Orbitty are large files • For visual effects, we use video instead to illustrate the benefits of reservation-oriented networks • Two scenarios • Small data rate with interfering traffic • Emulates popular webcam experience • Higher data rates without interfering traffic • Much better video quality

12. 100Mbps Ethernet interface card OC-3 interface card Demo Setup Emulates congested Internet path SONY SNC-RZ30N Network camera Interfering traffic 192.168.2.111 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.2 192.168.3.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.3.2 Router #1 (Cisco GSR) Router #2 (Cisco GSR) 100Mbps Ethernet switch 192.168.2.3 Emulates dedicated CHEETAH circuit Cisco 15454 MSPP