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Groups and Organizations

Groups and Organizations. Types of Groups. Primary Secondary Reference Ingroup Outgroup. Primary groups. Small, personal, intimate The family First groups in our lives Primary importance in our lives Socialization Social identity Provides comfort and security An end in itself.

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Groups and Organizations

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  1. Groups and Organizations

  2. Types of Groups • Primary • Secondary • Reference • Ingroup • Outgroup

  3. Primary groups • Small, personal, intimate • The family • First groups in our lives • Primary importance in our lives • Socialization • Social identity • Provides comfort and security • An end in itself

  4. Secondary groups • E.g. Microsoft • Large, impersonal, formal • Weak emotional ties • Short duration • Lawsuits increase with increasing secondary ties • A means to an end

  5. Reference group • Point of reference in making evaluations and decisions • Family • Friends • Gang • Professors

  6. Ingroups and outgroups • Ingroups • Outgroups • A social group toward which we feel competition or opposition • Lead to unfairly negative views of outgroups

  7. General leadership styles • Instrumental • Completing tasks • Expressive • Collective well-being

  8. Leadership decision making styles • Authoritarian • Democratic • Collective decisions on egalitarian basis • Laissez-faire • Downplays position of power

  9. Solomon Asch Experiment • Comparison of lines • People will compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different

  10. Milgram’s experiment of authority • People follow both legitimate authority and ordinary individuals

  11. Formal organizations • Normative organizations • Voluntary organizations • Red Cross • PTA (Parent Teacher Association) • Coercive organizations • Involuntary commitment • Maximum security prison or mental hospital • Utilitarian organization • Company - Material benefits (money)

  12. Changes in organizations • Creative autonomy • Competitive work teams • Flatter organization

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