4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance

1. 4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance Martin Fischer Peggy Ho

2. Big Idea The Big Idea: 4D Requirements Checking Problems 3D Design: 4D Phasing Schedules: Intuition POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals

3. Big Idea Definitions Problems • Phasing Schedule: • Developed during design • Show high-level construction activities (e.g., “Build-out Level 9) • Show how occupants move (e.g., “Move Tenant A to Level 9”) • Swing space • Temporary space for occupants • Both inside and outside of building Intuition POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals

4. Big Idea Observed Problem: Three challenges in the renovation planning process Problems Develop Schedule Challenge 3 Challenge 1. Difficult to keep track of: • Multiple Stakeholders • Multiple Requirements Challenge 2. Difficult to evaluate a schedule • What are the metrics? Challenge 3. Difficult to evaluate impact of changes • What parts of the schedule can be re-used? Challenge 1 Challenge 2 Intuition Change (Req, Scope, Design) Check Schedule POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals

5. Big Idea Project A. Oops, NOT everyone fits in the building! Problems Intuition POD 4D Checker Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy (peggyhho@stanford.edu) directly for more information. Tasks Goals

6. Big Idea How to compare renovation schedules? Problems Schedule using a flow chart Schedule using Microsoft Word Intuition POD 4D Checker Schedule using Microsoft Excel Tasks Note: Schedules were removed to maintain anonymity of project Goals

7. Big Idea Project B. What parts of this schedule can the project manager reuse? Problems Intuition ? Façade design 1 POD 4D Checker How does a change in façade design affect the schedule? Tasks Façade design 2 Goals

8. Big Idea Big Idea: Our “4D Checker” will help to solve these problems Problems Reasoning methods to “check” schedule Metrics Intuition User-Entered Information Satisfaction Of Requirements POD Building Configuration Cost 4D Checker Requirements (Occupant & Construction) Duration Tasks Efficiency Phasing Schedule Goals

9. Big Idea Intuition: Building configuration, requirements, and schedule are fundamental to renovation planning Problems Intuition User-Entered Information Project A POD Building Configuration Court and Non-court occupants need building space 4D Checker Requirements (Occupant & Construction) Tasks Phasing Schedule Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy (peggyhho@stanford.edu) directly for more information. Goals

10. Big Idea Intuition: Planners check by looking at the building configuration over time Problems Project A Reasoning methods to “check” schedule Intuition Project B POD 4D Checker Project C Tasks Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy (peggyhho@stanford.edu) directly for more information. Goals Automate this process!

11. Big Idea Intuition: Planners need to evaluate the schedule from many perspectives Problems Project A Metrics Intuition Satisfaction Of Requirements POD Cost 4D Checker Duration Project C Tasks Efficiency Goals

12. Big Idea Limitations of current practice Problems Track number of courtrooms? Requirements Intuition Schedule Schedule impact if a requirement changes? POD 4D Checker Where are the occupants moving to? Tasks Occupant Move Goals

13. Big Idea Building on Previous CIFE Research Problems • 4D Process Representation: Represent construction activities in 4D (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989) • 4D Analysis: Analyze construction activities for space conflicts (Akinci 2002) • Requirements Models: Manage requirements in design (Kivineimi 2005) • Track occupants over time • Track spaces over time • Dynamically understand schedule impacts of changing requirements • Check project-specific requirements • Understand what, how, and when requirements are not satisfied • Comprehensively evaluate the schedule Intuition POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals

14. Big Idea User Entered Requirements The 4D Checking Process Problems Database of building attributes over time Building Intuition POD Schedule 4D Checker Requirements Tasks Database of Effective Requirements over time Goals

15. Big Idea Impact: Planners can see how and when requirements are not satisfied Problems Intuition POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals

16. Big Idea Impact: Planners can comprehensively evaluate and compare the schedule, automatically Problems Intuition POD 4D Checker • Planners can quickly and comprehensively: • Track requirements, occupants, and spaces • Evaluate schedules with specific metrics • Evaluate impacts of changes Tasks Goals

17. Big Idea Research Methodology & Tasks Problems Task 1. Conduct retrospective case studies (Prior to seed funding year) • Understand the current limitations of using 4D for renovation planning • Gather specific metrics and requirements used by planners Deliverable: 3-5 case studies on renovation planning Task 2. Develop representation and reasoning methods (Sept 2007 – Mar 2008) • Find best representation for requirements and metrics • Find reasoning methods that are able to be implemented Deliverable: A collection of representation and reasoning methods Intuition POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals = Opportunity for CIFE Member Involvement

18. Big Idea The 4D Checking Process involves several reasoning methods Problems Task 3. Develop prototype system (Primary Use of Funding) (Sept 2007 – June 2008) • Use Commonpoint 4D as development platform • Enlist CS student to help with actual programming Deliverable: A prototype system developed in Commonpoint 4D Intuition POD • Reasoning methods required to: • Create building attribute database over time • Create requirements database over time • Analyze each requirement • Analyze each evaluation metric • Implement user interface • The programmer will: • Consult on implementation strategies of reasoning methods  better methods • Enable researchers to focus on content, not programming  more powerful data • Implement code 4D Checker Tasks Goals

19. Big Idea Research Methodology & Tasks Problems Task 4. Validate method and prototype system (Jan 2008 – Sept 2008) • Test system on actual renovation projects • Compare system with traditional renovation planning methods Deliverable: Case studies and comparison data to show the power/generality of 4D-based analysis Task 5. Integrate prototype with other CIFE research (Sept 2008) • Explore the potential of integrating VDC-based analysis and management tools • Limitations highlight future research areas Deliverable: A report describing the benefits and current limitations of integrating analysis and management tools Intuition POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals = Opportunity for CIFE Member Involvement

20. Big Idea Leverage existing resources to achieve breakthrough schedule performance Problems • Vision: Value-based, Breakthrough Schedule Performance • 2010 Measurable Goals • Integrate construction and occupant processes • Automate requirement checking Intuition POD $$$ (GSA, NSF, SGF Funding) 4D Checker Previous CIFE Work 4D Process Representation (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989) Requirements Modeling (Kiviniemi 2005) 4D Analysis (Akinci 2002) Tasks Goals

21. Big Idea Leverage existing resources to achieve breakthrough schedule performance Problems • Vision: Value-based, Breakthrough Schedule Performance • 2010 Measurable Goals • Integrate construction and occupant processes • Automate requirement checking Intuition • More powerful data • More CIFE member • involvement • Better Reas. Methods POD $ (CIFE SEED FUNDING) 4D Checker $$$ (GSA, NSF, SGF Funding) Previous CIFE Work 4D Process Representation (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989) Requirements Modeling (Kiviniemi 2005) 4D Analysis (Akinci 2002) Tasks Goals

22. Big Idea 4D Checker addresses challenges to enable planners to better manage renovation projects Problems Intuition POD 4D Checker Tasks Goals