Ultranationalism :

1. Ultranationalism: an extreme form of nationalism – fanatic loyalty to their own nation and hostile and racist toward other nations.

2. Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin Forward to Communism!

9. Development of UltranationalismAfter WWI

10.  Economic Crisis Social Crisis Emergence of Charismatic, Authoritarian Leaders Feelings of Superiority

11. Economic Crisis

12. Social Crisis

13. Emergence of Charismatic Authoritarian Leaders

14. Feelings of Superiority Burning of Books Idealizing War

15. Ultranationalism After WWI • Economic Crisis • Social Crisis • Charismatic Leaders • Feelings of Superiority • 3 points for each, and an image/symbol • Use p. 141-148

16. Social Crisis • Germany became a Republic (little success with voting) • Massive unemployment • Decreased standard of living  homelessness, starvation • Famine in Japan • Blocked immigration to N. America • Rise of dictatorships (Tojo, Hitler)

17. Economic Crisis • Great Depression, 1929 • Repayment of debt (Germany) • Inflation (Germany) • Decreased exports (Japan)

18. Charismatic, Authoritarian Leaders • People looking for a leader to take them out of crisis • Leaders inspired enthusiasm and devotion, as well as fear. • Opposition squashed • Skilled speakers • Propaganda • Defended actions with nationalism

19. Feelings of Superiority • Focused on glory of the past • Enforced nationalism with education • Books, music, art destroyed if it did not follow leader’s idea • Idea of “Master Race” (Germany)

20. Propaganda:Information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal. Can be used to persuade people to behave in a certain way or believe a certain thing. • Some techniques include: • Eliciting feelings of patriotism • Vilifying and dehumanizing the enemy • Providing shock value and attracting attention

21. What techniques do this posters use?What feelings would they elicit?

22. Modern Propaganda? What techniques are used? What feelings are elicited?

23. Canadian Propaganda If-day : Manitoba, 1942 Canadian Posters

24. Setting the Stage for WWII...Germany • Rise of Hitler & the National Socialist German Worker’s Party • Hitler elected Chancellor in 1933, created a dictatorship • Would not recognize Treaty of Versailles • Rebuild army and reclaim land • Restore the “Aryan Race”

25. Setting the Stage for WWII...Japan • Invasion of Manchuria to better a weak Japanese economy (1931) • Military controlled government removes democracy • Traditional warrior values brought back through education and social rules

26. Setting the Stage for WWII...Italy Suffering many of the same problems of Germany after WWI, Italy tries to restore national pride... • Fascist leader Benito Mussolini elected and creates a dictatorship (1922) • Anger over not gaining control of Ethiopia through Treaty of Versailles • Invasion of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somaliland

27. Appeasement • German expansion in Europe • Italian expansion in Ethiopia • Japanese expansion in China

28. Appeasement • League of Nations condemned invasion of Manchuria, but could not agree on actionDID NOTHING • League of Nations imposed trade sanctions on Italy, which were ignoredDID NOTHING • Leaders discussed action on Germany’s expansion, but decided to allow it. DID NOTHING

29. Some leaders thought appeasing Hitler would make him keep his promise to not expand further, some did not believe it would work. Churchill (anti-appeasement) said of the other leaders... “[They] had to choose between war and dishonour. They chose dishonour, they will get war.” See the map on p. 149. Would have agreed or disagreed with appeasement in 1938? How would you support your decision?

30. Address Your Country Using the map on p. 149, and the information we have learned about appeasement, write a paragraph that the leader of one of the countries could have read to their country, explaining why their decision to support/ not support appeasement was the right one.

31. WWII Begins!

32. Timeline • September 1, 1939 – Germany Invades Poland • September 3, 1939 – France & Britain declare war on Germany. WWII has begun. • September 10, 1939 – Canada goes to war.

33. “I appeal to my fellow Canadians to unite in a national effort to save from destruction all that makes life itself worth living and to preserve for future generations those liberties and institutions which others have bequeathed to us.” William Lyon Mackenzie KingCanadian PM 1921-1930, 1935-1948

34. “I appeal to my fellow Canadians to unite in a national effort to save from destruction all that makes life itself worth living and to preserve for future generations those liberties and institutions which others have bequeathed to us.” What kind of techniques did he use in this quote, to get support from Canadians? Think about the propaganda techniques we learned about.

35. Total War Warfare where all of a country's available resources are used: military, civilian, agricultural, technological, etc.

36. Canada’s Total War A lot changed ... • Government attitude • Government policies • Citizen involvement

37. Canada’s Total War Canada’s Total War Government attitude changed: • Began portraying German as the ‘evil enemy’ • Began portraying the war as a fight for “the freedom of mankind”

38. Canada’s Total War Canada’s Total War Government policies changed: • Propaganda produced to recruit people to armed forces and to get them to invest in war bonds • Employment was restricted by the government with permits • Censorship of media, letters from/for forces

39. Canada’s Total War Canada’s Total War Canadians could support the wareffort by: • Enlisting in the armed forces

40. Canada’s Total War Canadians could support the war effort by: • Working in essential industries

41. Canada’s Total War Canadians could support the war effort by: • Buying war bonds

42. Canada’s Total War Canadians could support the war effort by: • Rationing goods

43. Canada’s Total War Write a letter to family in a country that was not affected by WWII. Explain to them what it was like to live in Canada during this era of Total War. Did it make you proud of Canada, or angry at it for joining the war? Are you happy to make the sacrifices necessary or do you think you shouldn’t have to?

44. Conscription Compulsory military service

45. Conscription Hitler, Mussolini & Stalin installed conscription to support their expansionism. But it wasn’t just dictatorships...

46. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQkn4VInVwo

47. Conscription Canada introduced conscription during WWII but it left the country bitterly divided. Why?

48. Conscription Issues that opposed conscription: • Canada’s agricultureindustry • Francophone vs Anglophone • Conscientious Objectors

49. Conscription First introduced limited conscription to ‘defend Canada’. Mackenzie King promised not to send them overseas. Then the war required more soldiers and Canada didn’t have enough volunteers.

50. Conscription 1942 – 63% of Canada voted to allow Mackenzie King to break his promise. But the country was divided on that too: 79% of Anglophones voted YES 85% of Francophones voted NO Full conscription was not imposed until 1944, and 16,000 soldiers were sent overseas.