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Small states in the EU's civilian and military peace support operations Maria Strömvik

Small states in the EU's civilian and military peace support operations Maria Strömvik Lund University Reykjavik 2014-06-27. Let's start with a story. Setting the scene: December 2002 Build-up to the Iraq war EU dramatically split NATO was leaving Macedonia (FYROM). Operation Concordia.

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Small states in the EU's civilian and military peace support operations Maria Strömvik

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  1. Small states in the EU's civilian and military peace support operations Maria Strömvik Lund University Reykjavik 2014-06-27

  2. Let's start with a story... • Setting the scene: December 2002 • Build-up to the Iraq war • EU dramatically split • NATO was leaving Macedonia (FYROM)

  3. Operation Concordia • The EU:s first ever military operation, launched in March 2003 • Participants:

  4. So, are... • ...troop contributions a way to influence peace support operations? • Are troop contributions adding political capital for small states?

  5. EUFOR Althea Bosnia- Herzegovina EUPM Bosnia- Herzegovina EU-support for AU’s mission in Darfur, Sudan Operation Proxima Macedonia Operation Concordia Macedonia AMM Aceh, Indonesia EU border support team Georgia EUFOR Tchad/RCA EULEX Kosovo EUBAM Moldova/Ukraine EUMM Georgia EUJUST Themis Georgia EUPAT Macedonia EUPOL Afghanistan EU SSR Guinea-Bissau EUPOL RDC D. R. Congo EUTM Somalia EUFOR RDC D. R. Congo EUJUST Lex (for) Iraq EUSEC RDC D. R. Congo Operation Artémis D. R. Congo Atalanta Somalia EUBAM Rafah Gaza strip EUPOL COPPS Palestinian Territories

  6. CSDP operations • Some "local", some "global" • From very small to "normal" size • Some civilian, some military, some mixed • Some peace keeping, some peace enforcement, some monitoring, some capacity building

  7. Consequences (global) • Demand for EU has increased • In some cases, EU has been only accepted third party • CSDP has inspired others (notably AU) • EU / CSDP has not generated any ”balancing behaviour”?

  8. Consequences (EU) • EEAS role has increased? • CSDP operations have brought MS closer together also politically? • EU members and Commission discuss broader and more comprehensive foreign policy issues than before? • Treaty revisions

  9. Small states • Small countries ”forced” to broaden their ”foreign policy outlook” • Increased pressure on small foreign ministries? • Increased pressure on inter-ministerial coordination? • Increased demand for information and intelligence gathering?

  10. Small states (cont.) • Revision and increased pressure on government agencies’ possibilities to provide civilian and military personnel (Swedish examples: armed forces, police authority, national rescue agency, Swedish development aid agency)? • Markedly increased influence on international issues?

  11. Troops for influence? • Are small states willing to provide civilian personnel and troops, despite all the problems, only because they think it is needed in any given situation? • Or are they more willing to do so because they believe it will also give them more influence?

  12. Back in FYROM • An operation that noone thought was needed • Yet almost all EU member states and even more non-EU member states were willing to provide troops! • How do we explain this if not with the troops for influence idea?

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