1 / 30

On-farm Bin Storage

On-farm Bin Storage. Sandra M. Frost UW Cooperative Extension Service. Crops. Small grains, barley, wheat, oats Corn. Bin Types. Low profile bins 12-13 ft depth Deep bins 17-18 ft depth Hopper-bottom bins. Bin Systems. Safety equipment Loaders/augers Power sweep Perforated Floor

gloria-wood
Download Presentation

On-farm Bin Storage

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. On-farm Bin Storage Sandra M. Frost UW Cooperative Extension Service

  2. Crops • Small grains, barley, wheat, oats • Corn

  3. Bin Types • Low profile bins 12-13 ft depth • Deep bins 17-18 ft depth • Hopper-bottom bins

  4. Bin Systems • Safety equipment • Loaders/augers • Power sweep • Perforated Floor • Fans • Dryers & heat recyclers • Aerators • Ventilators

  5. Storage Goals • Avoid crop loss at harvest • Prolong crop storage life • Maintain crop quality • Increase value of crop • National/international availability

  6. Storage Principles • Proper crop condition going into storage • Control moisture • Control temperature • Control insects

  7. Grain Conditioning Technology • We dry a crop because we choose to harvest a slightly “wet” crop to avoid harvest losses

  8. Management • Moisture content for crops: • Shelled corn at 13% to 15.5% • Wheat, barley, oats at 13% • Sunflowers at 8% to 10% • No advantage to frozen grain • Clean grain has uniform air spaces • Distribute/eliminate fines in bin

  9. S.L.A.M. • Sanitation • Loading • Aeration • Monitoring

  10. Bin Sanitation • Clean and sanitize aeration ducts, augers, floors • Remove weeds, trash, moldy crop • Spray insecticides while bin is empty • Clean/inspect/replace aeration equipment and dryers

  11. Loading • Optimize handling & storage operations • Operate augers at capacity, slow speed • Use a spreader to fill bin • Core the fines from center of grain • level peaked grain ASAP • Record grain moistures going into storage • Screen for mycotoxins

  12. Aeration Goals • To cool dried grain uniformly to 30-35oF. • Move cooling front completely through and out of grain mass • Avoid condensation on inside walls/roof • Maintain low grain temps as long as possible

  13. Aeration • Aeration rates depend upon 4 factors. • Bin type • Air distribution system • Desired grain moisture content • Management practices Fall Spring

  14. Aeration • Air flow either positive pressure (flow up) or negative (flow down) • Ventilation required during fan operation • Fan operation times depend upon airflow rate

  15. Monitoring • Check for insects while grain temperature is above 50 F. If found then fumigate. Fumigation will not be effective below 50 F. • Temperatures below 50 F will control insects • Inspect grain surface at least every other week • Walk on grain, poke into it, check for hot spots or insect infestations.

  16. From Warm to Cool From Wet to Dry

  17. Drying • Warms the kernel – water leaves kernel through osmosis • Evaporates water from the kernel surface • For grain, to remove 1 lb water takes 1300 BTU’s at 60oF.

  18. Drying Methods • Equilibrium • Natural air and fans • Relative vapor pressure • Charts • Drying front moves through grain

  19. Drying Methods • Non-equilibrium • Heated air in a bin or column dryer

  20. Quantity of Grain

  21. Drying • Calculations to get the amount of grain stored • You can calculate the size of the job • You can relate it all to the speed of harvest for bin management

  22. Safety • Safety equipment • Loaders/augers • Power sweep • Perforated Floor • Fans • Dryers & heat recyclers • Aerators • Ventilators

  23. Bin Safety • Enter a bin only if you know its history and if you are not alone • If grain has not been removed you should see a cone in the middle of the bin. • If grain has been removed you should see a flat area or inverted cone, and a shiny surface on the side of the bin. If you do not see these signs, surface may be crusted and unsafe to enter.

  24. Bin Safety • Label bins to warn of entrapment hazard • Lock entrances • Install ladders inside bins • Do not enter while loading/unloading

  25. Bin Safety • Shut off and lock out power when entering • Wear NIOSH-approved dust filter respirators • Be cautious of grain that is out of condition • Do not work alone in bins

  26. Bin Safety • 3 kinds of entrapment • Flowing grain: auger creates funnel effect • Grain bridge over hollow cavity • Avalanche of vertical grain wall

  27. Bin Safety • Prevention • Lock out power sources before entering • Work from the top down • Wear body harness, have inside ladder

  28. Precaution ! • The maximum temperature for drying barley is 100 F. Higher temperatures will kill the embryo in the barley kernel. • A dead embryo will NOT make beer!

  29. Questions?

More Related