1 / 45

Internet2: A Tutorial Part 4 of 4

Internet2: A Tutorial Part 4 of 4. 17 th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks Paul Love, Internet2 Chair, I2 Topology WG epl@internet2.edu. QoS. Internet2 QBone: Building a Testbed for IP Differentiated Services. with thanks to Ben Teitelbaum, Internet2. ESNet, NREN, Int’l,. C.

glenys
Download Presentation

Internet2: A Tutorial Part 4 of 4

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Internet2: A TutorialPart 4 of 4 17th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks Paul Love, Internet2 Chair, I2 Topology WG epl@internet2.edu

  2. QoS

  3. Internet2 QBone:Building a Testbed for IP Differentiated Services with thanks to Ben Teitelbaum, Internet2

  4. ESNet, NREN, Int’l, ... C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C L L GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP Abilene vBNS Generic Internet2 Topology NGIXs SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  5. Osama Aboul-Magd (Nortel/Bay) Andy Adamson (Michigan) Grenville Armitage (Lucent) Steve Blake (Torrent) Scott Bradner (Harvard) Scott Brim (Newbridge) Larry Conrad (Florida State) John Coulter (CA*net2) Chuck Song / Laura Cunningham (MCI/vBNS) Fred Baker / Larry Dunn (Cisco) Rüdiger Geib (Deutsche Telekom) Terry Gray (U Washington) Jim Grisham (NYSERNet) Roch Guerin (Penn) Susan Hares (Merit) Joseph Lappa (CMU) Jay Kistler (FORE) Klara Narhsteadt (UIC) Kathleen Nichols (IETF coordination) Ken Pierce (3com) John Sikora (ATT Labs) Ben Teitelbaum (chair) John Wroclawski (MIT) Internet2 QoS WG Membership SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  6. Enables applications Scales Interoperable (interdomains & multi-vendor) Administratable Measurable Deployable soon Works with host OSs and evolving middleware infrastructure Cost effective Dynamic, per-flow requests QoS and CoS Ability to schedule advanced reservations Eventually multicast ;-) Internet2 QoS Mandate Requirements Goals SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  7. Big Problem #1: Understanding Application Requirements • What services do tomorrow’s applications need? • Range of poorly-understood needs • Both intolerant apps (e.g. tele-immersion) and tolerant apps (e.g. large FTPs, desktop video conferencing) • Many apps need absolute, per-flow QoS assurances • Adaptive apps may require a minimum level of QoS, but can exploit additional network resources if available • Some institutions/users want multiple classes of best-efforts service (CoS) with relative precedence levels Better Good Bad Adaptive Intolerant Tolerant Different App Needs • Need better understanding through experience SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  8. Big Problem #2: Scalability • Convergence of flows on the core means: • Large numbers of flows through each router • High forwarding rate requirements • Need to support QoS end-to-end, but keep per-flow state & packet forwarding overhead out of the core Lots of flows here! SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  9. CampusNetworks CampusNetworks GigaPoPs GigaPoPs Big Problem #3: Interoperability ... between separately administered and designed clouds ... Backbone Networks(vBNS, Abilene, …) … and between multiple implementations of network elements ... … is crucial if we are to provide end-to-end QoS. SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  10. DiffServ for Internet2 • July 1997 - February 1998 • QoS Working Group struggled to understand needs of advanced applications • Reaction against RSVP complexity gives rise to Differentiated Services - a scalable, light-weight framework for QoS • May 1998 • WG recommends DiffServ focus for Internet2 QoS • First Internet2 Joint Applications/Engineering Workshop, Santa Clara, CA (report on web site) SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  11. RSVP vs DiffServ RSVP • Per-flow service state at every hop • Scalability problems • Focus on multicast BB BB • Abstract/manage each cloud’s resources (BBs) • Packets colored with “behavior” • Focus on aggregates not flows • Policing at edge to get services DiffServ

  12. DiffServ Overview • Exploits edge/core distinction for scalability • Applications contract for specific QoS profiles • Policing at network periphery • A few simple, differentiated per-hop forwarding behaviors (PHBs) • Indicated in packet header • Applied to PHB traffic aggregates • PHBs + policing rules = range of services • Clouds contract for aggregate QoS traffic profiles • Policing at cloud-cloud boundary • Supports simple, bilateral business agreements SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  13. Bandwidth Brokers (perform admissions control, manage network resources, configure leaf and edge devices) Destination Source BB BB Core routers Core routers Ingress Edge Router (classify, police, mark aggregates) Egress Edge Router(shape aggregates) Leaf Router (police, mark flows) DiffServ Architecture SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  14. Example Service #1: Premium • Emulates a leased line • Contract: peak rate profile • PHB = “forward me first” (e.g. priority queuing, WFQ) • Policing rule = drop out-of-profile packets • On egress, clouds need to shape Premium aggregates to mask induced burstiness SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  15. Example Service #2: Assured • Emulates a “lightly-loaded” network • Contract: rate and burst profile • PHB = “drop me last” (e.g. WRED, RIO) • Policing rule = mark out-of-profile packets • Assured traffic shares queue with BE • Drop out-of-profile and BE before in-profile packets • On cloud egress, clouds may need to shape Assured aggregates to mask induced burstiness SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  16. DiffServ & The Three Big QoS Problems • Applications: Framework supports a broad range of services depending on PHB and configuration of policers • Scalability: Simplicity of PHBs & pushing “smarts” towards edge, lets core routers be simple, dumb, and fast, but still support QoS! • Interoperability: • PHBs suggest but do not imply implementations • QoS through concatenations of simple bilateral SLSs • Administratability also a big win SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  17. Internet2 Dogma:There is a circularity between advanced networks and advanced apps Applications Motivate Enables Engineering SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  18. Inhibited Apps QoS Prevented Enables Apps QoS Motivate QBone Dogma:Apps  Networking circularity applies to QoS especially • Existing stalemate: • QBone initiative seeks to turn the arrows around and create positive feedback: SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  19. The Internet2 QBone Initiative • Build interdomain testbed infrastructure • Experiment and improve understanding • Incrementally improve testbed • Support intradomain & interdomain deployment • Lead and follow IETF standards work • Some parts of DiffServ architecture easy; others far from it • Our experience will inform standards process • Openness of R&E community gives us an edge • Users will tolerate the flakiness of an experimental infrastructure • Engineers will share experience and measurement data • QBone as “infrastructure that only a graduate student could love” SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  20. QBone Milestones • Sep 98 - Call for participation • Oct 98 - QFC finalized QIG recommendations • Nov 98 - 1st Meeting of QBone BB Advisory Council • Dec 98 - QBone Networking Kickoff Meeting • Jan 99 - Revised QBone Architecture from I2QoSWG • Jan 99 - RTP QIG Meeting (+ BB group) • Mar 99 - Las Cruces QIG Meeting (+ BB group) • May 99 - QBone Architecture in last call SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  21. QBone from 10km view • QBone Premium Service • Well-defined SLS: • Parameterized by peak rate R and “service MTU” M implying a token bucket meter with rate R and depth M • low loss (will quantify with feedback from measurements) • low jitter (delay variation due to queuing effects should be no greater than the packet transmission time of a service MTU sized packet at the subscribed rate) • Plus important value-adds: • Integrated measurement/dissemination infrastructure • Experimentation with a pre-standards inter-domain BB signaling protocol SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  22. Understand Premium • Valuable even though I2 networks are largely uncongested • Jitter and periodic loss still occur within I2 • Preparing for the future SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  23. Typical Internet2 Performance East Coast University to West Coast DOE Lab • Minimum Delay • 50th Percentile Delay • 90th Percentile Delay SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  24. Example QBone Deployment • NCNI to Internet2 Washington, DC member meeting SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  25. Nortel IBM RTP Surveyor RTP MCNC RTP Cisco 2926 Cisco RTP SoX/vBNS OC12c DS3 NCSU UNC June '99 Centennial Chapel Hill ATM LEGEND OC48 SONET OC12c ATM Oc12c DS3 ATM OC3c ATM Packet over SONET ADM SONET ATM Switch Abilene IP Router June '99 NCSU Duke Raleigh OC3mon Durham smj - 10/5/98 North Carolina Networking Initiative(N Carolina gigapop) SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  26. NCSU Centennial Nanomanipulator Video Nortel Networks Client Conferencing Optivity Policy Server Client COPS Traffic Generator ATM Nortel Networks Router w/ DiffServ/COPS FastEthernet Nortel Networks Router MCNC w/ DiffServ/COPS RTP Nortel Networks Router w/ DiffServ/COPS ATM ATM Nortel Networks Router w/ DiffServ/COPS ATM Nortel FastEthernet RTP ATM Nanomanipulator LEGEND Existing Equipment and Grey - Connections Planned Equipment and Teal - Connections Blue - Equipment and Connections for Qbone NCNI/QBone April 99 Demo: Overview: DC to NC Path Packet over MPEG2 SONET Stereo Abilene Video Video Conferencing Client UNC Chapel Hill ATM SoX/ Duke NCSU Nortel Networks Router Durham w/ DiffServ/COPS Raleigh vBNS ATM Highway-1 Nortel Networks Router Washington, D.C. ATM w/ DiffServ/COPS MPEG2 Stereo Video FastEthernet FastEthernet Nortel Networks Router FastEthernet FastEthernet w/ DiffServ/COPS Switch Switch Policy/QoS Implementation SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  27. NCNI/QBone April 99 Demo:Media, IP Switching, and Policy Protocols Optivity Policy Server LDAP Server LDAP NCSU, Raleigh RT Stereo Video RT Stereo Video Source COPS 100BT MCNC, RTP (No DS) Nano- Manipulator Client SOX / vBNS ATM Nano- Manipulator ATM/OC3 ATM/DS-3 100BT 100BT 100BT ATM 100BT ATM BLN BLN BLN Accelar 1200 ASN BLN ASN Ethernet Switch Video Conferencing Video Conferencing Highway 1 Washington D.C. UNC, Chapel Hill • First QBone demonstration of Bandwidth Broker, Premium Service • Multiple high-performance applications using Premium service SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  28. NCNI/QBone April 99 Demo: Testing Premium Service Optivity Policy Server LDAP Server LDAP NC State Raleigh RT Stereo Video RT Stereo Video Source COPS MCNC, RTP (No DS) Nano- Manipulator Client Marking Policing Shaping Policing Shaping Policing Shaping vBNS ATM Nano- Manipulator Marking Marking VBR 10MBm 15MBpeak ASN BLN BLN BLN BLN ASN Accelar 1200 Ethernet Switch Controlled Contending Best Effort Traffic Video Conferencing Video Conferencing Highway 1 Washington D.C UNC, Chapel Hill • Premium service contends with Best Effort traffic • Limited resources require limited granting of Premium service to high-performance applications SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  29. Down the Road... QoS Routing; Stronger services... Route-pinning; Multicast More users... More clouds... Real $ Signaling through API Inter-domain signaling;BB interoperability tests Scheduling Static inter-domain interoperability SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  30. Many Hard Problems Ahead! • Many talents and much dialogue required before production, interdomain services feasible • Engineering, planning - Network engineers and planners • Advanced development, analysis, and research - Networking researchers • Policy, economics - Administrators • Application, middle-ware design - Developers • Expectational shifts - Users • QBone should enable “DiffServ research” SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  31. Near Future • Jun 99: QBone BB Advisory council converging on prototype inter-BB protocol • Jun 99: “Phase0” rollout planning • Aug/Sep 99: Interdisciplinary QBone workshop • Sep 99: QBone Connect-a-thon (“Con”) event SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  32. For more information... • QBone home page:http://www.internet2.edu/qbone • Internet2 QoS Working Group home page:http://www.internet2.edu/qos/wg SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  33. I2 Middleware Initiative:The “Services Rich” Network Environment

  34. What’s an Ideal “Internet2” • Functional services available to users and developers • Enabling new collaborations and applications • Supported as production quality • An integrated framework • Scaled to the size of the research and education community SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  35. Applications: Horizontal, Vertical, Spot Solutions Standard APIs Middleware: Security, Directory, Quality of Service, Audio/Video Frameworks, Accounting, Collaboration Frameworks, Multicast Standard APIs Operating system and network services Interoperable Protocols SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  36. QoS Digital video/audio Security Collaboration Directories Multicast File systems Measurement Remote instruments Transaction systems Meta-computing Management IP telephony Accounting/billing E-commerce Object brokers Search mechanisms Printing Technology Scope SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  37. Avoiding Segmentation Physics Applications Digital Library Applications Instructional Applications Data Mining Applications Physics QoS Digital Library QoS Instructional QoS Data Mining QoS Physics Security Digital Library Security Instructional Security Data Mining Security Physics Directories Digital Library Directories Instructional Directories Data Mining Directories Physics Storage Digital Library Storage Instructional Storage Data Mining Storage TCP/IP Network SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  38. Initiative Overview • Deliverables • Identification of a small number of key community projects • Information dissemination • Demos • Workshops SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  39. Principles • Focus on problems where • We have a unique incentive to solve • The benefit to our community is clear and compelling • Results are attainable in a reasonable timeframe SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  40. I2 Middleware Includes • I2 Distributed Storage Infrastructure • Qbone • Digital Video SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  41. I2-Digital Videowww.internet2.edu/dvn

  42. Ubiquitous Digital Video • Scalable and easy to use • Integrated into applications • Streaming and interactive • Real-time and asynchronous (stored) • Unicast and native multicast • Single source to multi-source • Resolutions up to HDTV SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  43. I2 Digital Video • Partnering with I2 Distributed Storage on servers • Will rely on multicast • Sept 98 “learning experience” at I2 SF MM with 7 channels • Extensions of Content: Animation, 3D, Simulation, VR Movies, Immersion, etc. • Digital Broadcasting Networks, Studios, DV-Stations (3-tiered architecture) SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  44. I2 Digital Video, con’t • More Participants Welcome! SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  45. The End SBRC99 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

More Related