1 / 52

Plant Growth and Development

Hort I. Plant Growth and Development. Primary Plant Parts and Functions. Plant Parts and Function. Terminal bud (apical bud) Main area of growth on a plant Produces all the differentiated tissues including vegetative and reproductive organs

glennl
Download Presentation

Plant Growth and Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Hort I Plant Growth and Development

  2. Primary Plant Parts and Functions

  3. Plant Parts and Function • Terminal bud (apical bud) • Main area of growth on a plant • Produces all the differentiated tissues • including vegetative and reproductive organs • Apical dominance inhibits the growth of axilary buds by producing auxins • Auxins – hormones that prevent lateral growth

  4. Plant Parts and Function • Axillary (lateral) bud • Forms in the axil • Develop from the nodes • Capable of developing into a branch, shoot or flower • Axil • Angle between the upper stem of the plant and a leaf branch

  5. Plant Parts and Functions • Node • Part of a stem from which a leaf, branch or aerial root grows

  6. Plant Parts and Functions • Internode • Part of the stem between two nodes

  7. Plant Parts and Function • Stem • Main structural part of the plant • Has nodes and internodes

  8. Plant Parts and Function • Flower • Reproductive part of the plant • Attracts pollinators to insure seed production • Flower stem • Supports the flower

  9. Plant Parts and Function • Lateral branch/shoot • Branches that grow off the side of the stem

  10. Plant Parts and Function • Leaf • Apex – end opposite the petiole • Margin – edge of leaf • Blade – face of leaf • Vein – Structural Framework of Leaf • Petiole – attaches the blade to the stem • Leaflet – looks like a leaf, but has no petiole (compound leaves) • Stipules-growths at the base of the petioles

  11. Hardwood Plant Parts and Functions • Leaf scar- • Mark left on a branch after a leaf falls • Terminal bud scar/annual rings • Marks left from growth in the previous year • Bundle scars • markings within a leaf scar at the location where vascular bundles were broken as the leaf petiole detached from the twig.

  12. Stem Structures • Epidermis • Outer layer of wax coated cells that provide protection • Cuticle –protective waxy coating produced by the epidermis; thicker on succulents • Cortex • Primary stem tissue; epidermis is outside; phloem is inside

  13. Vascular Bundles • Xylem • Transports water • Provides structure • Phloem • Tissue that moves sugars and nutrtients • Cambium • Single celled layer of meristematic (dividing) tissue adding width to the stem • Forms phloem towards the outside and xylem towards the inside • Pith • Center of dicot plants • Rigid xylem wood fiber

  14. Plant Parts and Functions • Roots • Internally same as stems • Three types • Tap root • Fibrous roots • Adventitious roots

  15. Underground Stem Modifications • Rhizome • Horizontal, underground stem • Capable of producing shoot and root systems of a new plant • Allows for vegetative (asexual)reproduction • Enables a plant to survive annual, unfavorable season (perennate) underground

  16. Rhizome • In some plants, the rhizome is the only stem; only leaves and flowers are readily visible (water lilies, some ferns)

  17. Underground Stem Modifications • Tuber • Short, thickened, mostly underground stem • has minute scale leaves, each with a bud that has the potential for developing into a new plant.

  18. Tubers • Potato, Jerusalem artichoke, yams, caladium

  19. Tuberous Roots • Tuberous roots (not the same as tubers) • Bulbets form at the base of the stem • Root structure, not an underground stem – Dahlias and Begonias • Sweet potatoes are a tuberous root

  20. Underground Stem Modifications • Corm • A round, swollen mass of storage tissue at the base of the stem • Has a basal plat e from which the roots grow • Develops small, peas sized cormels around the top of the old corm • Cormels may be planted and will grow into a new corm • Gladiolus, crocus, tarot

  21. Underground Stem Modifications • Bulb • Made up of five parts • Basal plate; bottom from which root s grow • Primary storage tissue/fleshy scales • Shoot from which the new buds grow • Lateral buds – develop into bulb-lets • Tunic – protective coating

  22. Bulb • Two sub-types of bulbs • Bulbs that have a papery covering, or tunic, are called tunicate bulbs -daffodil. • Bulbs that lack this protective covering (imbricate/nontunicate) must be kept moist at all times – lily

  23. Sub-aerial Stem Modifications • Offset • A shoot that develops laterally at the base of a plant, often rooting to form a new plant. • Example: Succulents like Hens and Chicks

  24. Sub-aerial Stem Modifications • Stolon/runner • Stems which grow at the soil surface, or below the ground and form new plants at the ends or at the nodes

  25. Sub-aerial Stem Modifications • Sucker • A basal shoot, root sprout, adventitious shoot, water sprout • A shoot or cane which grows from a bud at the base of a tree or shrub • May grow from the roots • Takes the form of a singular plant

  26. Aerial Stems • Tendril • Used by climbing plants for support and attachment • Specialized stem, leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape • Can photosynthesize (no lamina or blade) • can be formed from modified shoots, modified leaves, or axilliary branches

  27. Aerial Stems • Thorn • Modified branches/stems • Protect the plant from herbivores

  28. Aerial Stems • Phylloclade/cladode • Flattened green stems that serve as PSN organ • Looks like a leaf

  29. Aerial Stems • Bulbil • Stem modifications that aid in plant reproduction

  30. Flowers • The purpose of flowers is to produce seed. • A plants purpose in life is to reproduce.

  31. Parts of a Flower • Pistil (Carpel) • Female part of flower where egg cell originates • Stigma • Upper part of pistil that catches pollen • Style • Supports stigma • Contains pollen tube • Ovary • Produces ovules which develop into seeds

  32. Parts of a Flower

  33. Parts of a Flower • Stamen • Male part of flower where pollen originates • Filament • Supports the anther • Anther • Bears the pollen

  34. Accessory Organs • Corolla • Petals of the flower

  35. Accessory Organs • Sepals • Modified leaves • Calyx • All of the sepals of the flower

  36. Accessory Organs • Pedicel • Stalk of an individual flower • Peduncle • Attached to the pedicel of many flowers or a single flower

  37. Types of Flowers • Complete • Stamens, pistils, petals and sepals • common in dicots

  38. Types of Flowers • Incomplete • Has stamens and pistils • Petals or sepals or both are missing • Common to monocots

  39. Types of Flowers • Perfect Flower • Has both stamens and pistils on the same flower

  40. Types of Flowers • Imperfect flowers • Has either stamens or pistils • Not both on the same flower

  41. Types of Flowers • Staminate • Only male flower parts • Pistillate • Only female flower parts

  42. Types of Flowers • Monecious • Staminate and pistillate flowers found on the same plant • Corn, cucumbers, squash, melons, pumpkins • Dioecious • Staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants • Spinach, asparagus, some fruit trees

  43. Types of Fruits: • Pome • Fleshy fruits • Outer, fleshy layer developed from calyx and receptacle • Ovary forms a leathery core containing seeds • Pear, apple

  44. Types of Fruits • Drupe • Ripened ovary becomes two-layered outer forming a pit enclosing a seed • Cherry, peach, plum

  45. Types of Plants • Berry • Ovary is fleshy and unusually juicy • Contains several seeds • Tomato, grape, cucumber

  46. Types of Fruits • Aggregate Fruit • Several pistils in a single flower form compound fruit • Strawberry, raspberry, blackberry

  47. Types of Fruits • Multiple Fruit • Several clusters of flowers form compound fruit • Mulberry, pineapple, fig

  48. Types of Fruits: Dry • Pod • Thin ovary wall • Single chambered, contains several seeds • Splits along line when ripe • Pea, bean, milkweed • Capsule • Several chambers and seeds in ovary • Iris, lily, cotton, poppy

  49. Types of Fruits: Dry Closed • Nut • Ovary wall is hard • Encloses one seed • Oak, acorn, walnut

  50. Types of Fruits: Dry Closed • Achene • Ovary wall isn’t fastened to seed • Dandelion, sunflower

More Related