MPD 5750 Design for Disability

1. MPD 5750 Design for Disability Jonathan Weaver

2. Development History • This material was prepared by Cohort 3 students: Jennifer Aittama, Gary Crane, Joshua Halliburton, Michael Hunt, Jennifer Margherita • Edits by Beatriz Dhruna, Joe Torres *

3. MPD575 Weaver Development History • Latest updates by many of the following students in winter of 2014: M. Freeman, H. Gasahl, R. Glaser, A. Kammerzell, J. Lambrecht, D. Mincock, J. Murphy, M. Rockwell, P. Roncier, J. Salinas, G. Scalcucci, D. Slater

4. Design For Disability • Introduction • Legislation / Standards • Universal Design Principles • Public Facilities • Residential Facilities • Automotive Mobility • Universal Web Design • Social and Emotional Considerations • References *

5. Design For DisabilityIntroduction • People with disabilities represent a large and growing sector of the population. • Over 54 million Americans have been identified as being disabled. • At some point, almost everyone experiences a disability as they age. *

6. Design For DisabilityIntroduction • The concept of designing all products and fabricated environments (I.e. buildings, houses) to be aesthetic and usable by the largest population possible, regardless of their age, ability, or status in life. • When applied to environments, it ensures that facilities, products, and services are usable by all people. *

7. Design For DisabilityIntroduction • Everyone, regardless of ability, benefits from a universal design. • Knowledge of existing codes and standards serves as a starting point in meeting accessibility guidelines. *

8. Design For DisabilityWho are the Recipients? • Design for disability includes: • Mobility • Vision • Hearing • Speech • Cognitive • Within the public and private sectors including telecommunications *

9. Design For Disability Globalization • Consumer businesses must recognize the opportunities and challenges inherent in global competition. • The diversity of the consumer base is expanding to include differences in language and culture, customs, experiences, and historical design precedents. • Increases in the consumer market base must account for a design that is sensitive to individual abilities and preferences. • Since reasonable cost is a fundamental issue in any design and production process, universal design has become a very marketable approach. *

10. Design For DisabilitySocial Climate • Along with the growth in the disabled population, the quest for independence and equal rights has grown • Buyers insist that products be designed with a positive image and still remain functional for the user • Devices are expected to be functional regardless of where they are used including the corporate, public, or private uses • Many consumers have begun to see the usefulness of products conceived for people with limitations • Products that offer the semi disabled a high level of mobility can be important to other users *

11. Design For DisabilityPurpose • Purpose of universal design is to reduce the physical and attitudinal barriers between people with and without disabilities • Strives to integrate people with disabilities into the mainstream • Expertise is needed in creating products and environments that are functional, safe, attractive, and marketable for a wide diversity of users *

12. Design For Disability • Introduction • Legislation / Standards • Universal Design Principles • Public Facilities • Residential Facilities • Automotive Mobility • Universal Web Design • Social and Emotional Considerations • References *

13. Design For DisabilityFederal Legislation • The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) incorporated into Uniform Federal Accessibility Standard (UFAS) • First standard published for the disabled: A 117.1 — Making Buildings Accessible to and Usable by the Physically Handicapped • Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 • All buildings designed, constructed, altered, or leased with federal funds to be made accessible *

14. Design For DisabilityFederal Legislation • Rehabilitation Act of 1973 • Section 504 requires that any program or service receiving federal financial assistance, either directly or indirectly, be accessible to everyone • Education for Handicapped Children Act of 1975 • Guarantees a free, appropriate education for all children with disabilities • Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 • Accessible units be created in all new multi-family housing with four or more units, both public and private *

15. Design For DisabilityFederal Legislation • The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) • Discrimination in employment, access to places of public accommodation, services, programs, public transportation, and telecommunications is prohibited • The Telecommunications Act of 1996 • Telecommunications services and equipment and customer premises equipment be designed, developed, and fabricated to be accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, if readily achievable *

16. Design For Disability • Introduction • Legislation / Standards • Universal Design Principles • Public Facilities • Residential Facilities • Automotive Mobility • Universal Web Design • Social and Emotional Considerations • References *

17. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design • The principles of universal design guide a wide range of design disciplines including environments, products, and communications. • Seven principles can be applied to evaluate existing designs, to guide the design process, and to educate both designers and consumers about the characteristics of more usable products and environments. *

18. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design • Principle I: Equitable Use – Design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. • Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible; equivalent when not • Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users • Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users • Make the design appealing to all users *

19. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design • Principle II: Flexibility in Use - Design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. • Provide choice in methods of use • Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use • Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision • Provide adaptability to the user's pace *

20. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design • Principle III: Simple and Intuitive Use - Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. • Eliminate unnecessary complexity • Be consistent with user expectations and intuition • Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills • Arrange information consistent with its importance • Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion *

21. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design • Principle IV: Perceptible Information - Design communicates necessary information effectively to the user regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities. • Use different modes (i.e., pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information • Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings • Maximize "legibility" of essential information • Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions) • Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations *

22. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design • Principle V: Tolerance for Error - Design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. • Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements are made most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded • Provide warnings of hazards and errors • Provide fail safe features • Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance *

23. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design • Principle VI: Low Physical Effort - Design can be used efficiently, and comfortably, and with a minimum of fatigue. • Allow user to maintain a neutral body position • Use reasonable operating forces • Minimize repetitive actions *

24. Design For DisabilityUniversal Design Principle VII: Size and Space for Approach and Use - Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility. • Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user • Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user • Accommodate variations in hand and grip size • Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance *

25. Design For Disability • Introduction • Legislation / Standards • Universal Design Principles • Public Facilities • Residential Facilities • Automotive Mobility • Universal Web Design • Social and Emotional Considerations • References *

26. Public Facilities When designing a new public facility, there are several areas in and around the facility to apply design for disabilities. The following are some examples: • Parking Lots • Entrances and Exits • Travel Routes • Public Restrooms • Restaurants • Emergency Notifications *

27. Parking Lots An existing parking area without accessible parking spaces *

28. Parking Lots Parking lots need to be designed to accommodate vans equipped with wheelchair lifts and need to have spaces wide enough to maneuver a wheelchair or other type of assisting equipment *

29. Parking Lots *

30. Entrances and Exits Ramps at the entrances and exits of buildings *

31. Entrances and Exits Turnstiles are not accessible to most people with disabilities. Not only are they not wide enough, they are not practical for someone in a wheelchair. *

32. Entrances and Exits Providing a gate adjacent to a turnstile makes this type of entranceway more accessible *

33. Entrances and Exits Examples of door handles that are not accessible This type of handle requires the user to tightly grasp the handle to pull it open This type of handle requires the user to pinch down on the thumb latch while grasping the handle *

34. Entrances and Exits Examples of door handles that are accessible Both of these handles are accessible because they can be operated without tightly grasping, pinching or twisting *

35. Entrances and Exits Door openings • Minimum doorway clearance opening • Maximum doorway width *

36. Travel Routes Hallways 90o Turn Turning around an obstruction *

37. Travel Routes Objects that protrude into the hallways must be taken into consideration. The example below shows a blind person identifying objects in a hallway. *

38. Travel Routes • Signs have specifications that include: • Character proportion and height • Raised and brailed characters • Pictorial symbol signs • Finish and contrast • Mounting location and height • International symbols of accessibility Accessibility Text Telephones Access for Hearing Loss *

39. Travel Routes Drinking fountains have specifications to make them more accessible. Some include: • Maximum spout height • Knee clearance • Control that is operable with one hand and does not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist • The force required to operate the control cannot exceed 5 lbs *

40. Travel Routes Elevators • Must operate automatically • Must have self-leveling feature • Hall call buttons have a specific height • Lanterns have visual and audio signals • Door reopening device • Specific chimes for hall and car calls • Specific floor area • Interior control dimensions • Emergency communications *

41. Public Restrooms Designing an accessible public restroom includes taking into account: • Size and arrangement • Doors • Grab bars • Toilet height • Flushing device • Paper dispensers *

42. Public Restrooms Must also consider: • Urinals • Mirrors • Exposed pipes and surfaces • Faucets • Soap dispensers • Sink height and depth • Handrails • Grab bars This type of sink handle is easy to reach and can be easily operated with only one hand *

43. Restaurants Public restaurants must accommodate people with disabilities: • Counters and bar dimensions • Accessible isles • Dining areas • Tableware and condiment areas *

44. Restaurants *

45. Restaurants *

46. Emergency Notifications Alarms • Audible alarms • Must exceed sound level in the room by at least 15 dbA or exceed any maximum sound level with a duration of 60 seconds by 5 dbA, whichever is louder • Signals shall not exceed 120 dbA • Visual alarm specification include: • Lamp type • Lamp color • Duration of pulse • Intensity • Flash rate • Placement height *

47. Design For Disability • Introduction • Legislation / Standards • Universal Design Principles • Public Facilities • Residential Facilities • Automotive Mobility • Universal Web Design • Social and Emotional Considerations • References *

48. Design for DisabilityResidential Facilities • An adaptable home is one which is built or renovated to allow low cost and easy adaptation to the changing needs of the residents. • For disabled people and elderly, this means that devices assisting the activities of daily living can easily be installed. • A prerequisite in order to achieve the benefits of a smart home is a barrier-free physical environment that supports the residents. *

49. Design for DisabilityResidential Facilities • Layout of the house: • Layout of the home should be clear. • Oblique walls will easily give a wrong-direction impression. • Big areas should preferably have a clear conceptual layout, like a rectangular or square area. • Pillars, etc. should not be of same colour as background. • Living room, toilet/shower, and bed-space on ground floor in 2 story buildings. • Bedroom should preferably be next to a bathroom. • Provisions for stair lift and space for through floor lift should be considered. • When there are indented areas, the straight, imagined continuation of the wall should be free for walking. • Walking can be supported by clear contrast of the floor material to the surrounding walls *

50. Design for DisabilityResidential Facilities Basic Requirements: Ramps • 1:12 maximum slope • 30" maximum rise • 36" minimum clear width • Level landings at top and bottom at least as wide as the ramp and 60" clear length. (60" x 60" if ramp changes direction) *