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Section 2: High Availability

Ultimate Exchange Server 2003: Heighten Security, Consolidation, and Availability. Section 2: High Availability. Clustering Network Load Balancing Geographical Clustering Remote Recovery and Disaster Recovery Solutions Strategic Authentication and Name Resolution. Section Objectives. 2-2.

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Section 2: High Availability

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  1. Ultimate Exchange Server 2003:Heighten Security, Consolidation, and Availability Section 2: High Availability Clustering Network Load Balancing Geographical Clustering Remote Recovery and Disaster Recovery Solutions Strategic Authentication and Name Resolution

  2. Section Objectives 2-2 After completing this section, you will be able to: • Define high availability in a Microsoft Windows environment • Build an Exchange Server 2003 cluster • Explain how network load balancing works • Formulate a load-balancing solution for Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 • Name third-party software for geographical clustering • Define a remote recovery solution • Describe the best practices regarding authentication and name resolution for Exchange Server 2003 Knowledge Guide

  3. Availability vs. Reliability 2-3 • Availability: • Percentage of availability = (total elapsed time – sum of downtime)/total elapsed time • Reliability (MTBF): • MTBF = (total elapsed time – sum of downtime)/number of failures

  4. Availability Percentages 2-3

  5. Provides 100 percent hardware redundancy Rapid failover Rolling updates Scales up to seven active EVSs Clustering Pros and Cons 2-5 Vulnerable to • Shared storage failures • Network services failures • Operational errors • Natural or unnatural disasters

  6. Exchange 2003 Cluster Advantages 2-7 • Eight-node clusters • Kerberos authentication • New resource-dependency hierarchy • Volume mount points

  7. New Resource-Dependency Hierarchy 2-8 Exchange 2003 Exchange 2000 IMAP4 MTA POP3 Routing HTTP Systemattendant Systemattendant Routing Informationstore Microsoftsearch MTA Informationstore SMTP

  8. SG1 logs E SG1 logs SG1 logs SG1 logs M Q I F SG2 logs R N J SG2 logs SG2 logs SG2 logs SG3 logs G SG3 logs SG3 logs SG3 logs O K S H SG4 logs P T L SG4 logs SG4 logs SG4 logs SMTP queues SMTP queues SMTP queues SMTP queues Volume Mount Points 2-9 Each storage group in the cluster is assigned a drive letter for storing Exchange data. EVS1 EVS3 EVS2 EVS4 Each storage group’s logs and SMTP queues are assigned space using mount points to overcome the limitation of drive letters.

  9. SAN Exchange Clustering Concepts 2-10 Fiberswitch Fiber Fiber NIC 2 NIC 1 NIC 1 NIC 2 EVS1 EVS2 Active Active Fiber Fiber Privateswitch NIC 1 NIC 2 NIC 1 NIC 2 EVS3 Four-node cluster Passive Active ActiveDirectory,DNS, clients Publicswitch

  10. Cluster Terminology 2-11 • Shared nothing architecture • Resources • Groups • Exchange Virtual Servers • Quorum disk • Heartbeat network • Active/Active • Active/Passive

  11. EVS1 EVS1 Failover 2-13 Node 1 Resources go offline Node 2 Resources go online

  12. Preferred Owners List 2-14

  13. Disk 1: SMTP/MTA Disk 2: SG1 and SG2 databases Disk 3: SG1 logs Disk 4: SG2 logs Disk 5: SG3 and SG4 databases Disk 6: SG3 logs Disk 7: SG4 logs EVS1 EVS1 Node 2 (passive) Node 1 (active) Disk Configurations 2-15 SAN or DAS Disk 8: Quorum Disk 9: MSDTC

  14. Network Load Balancing 2-17 DNS: GK.com owa.gk.com owa.gk.com owa.gk.com owa.gk.com 172.30.1.1 172.30.1.2 172.30.1.3 172.30.1.4 DNSround robin Failedservice Busy Offline Idle OWA.GK.com 172.30.1.100 172.30.1.1 172.30.1.2 172.30.1.3 172.30.1.4 NLB NLB clustermembers

  15. Windows Server 2003 NLB 2-19

  16. Hardware NLB 2-20 HTTP:80 HTTP:80 HTTP:80 HTTP:80 W2K W2K3 UNIX Novell Sessions HardwareNLB

  17. Corporate office Recovery site Disk 1 Disk 2 Mirrored Disk 3 Disk 4 SAN SAN Node1 Node2 Node3 Node4 VLAN Anatomy of a Geographical Cluster 2-21

  18. Earthquake Medium High Very high Tornado Medium High Hurricane Medium High Disaster-Prone Areas 2-22

  19. Evaluating Cluster Operation and Deployment 2-23 • When evaluating vendors, use the following checklists from Microsoft: • “Architecture Basics”checklist • “Operational and Deployment Procedures” checklist

  20. Remote Recovery and Disaster Recovery Solutions 2-26 • http://www.xosoft.com/ • http://www.nsisoftware.com/ • http://www.lefthandnetworks.com/ • http://www.softek.com/ • http://www.netapp.com • http://www.emc.com/ (GeoSpan)

  21. NSI GeoCluster 2-27

  22. XOsoft WanSync 2-29

  23. XOsoft WanSync (cont.) 2-30 WANSync Exchange Master Site M1 WANSync Exchange Replica Site R1 Resource Transfer: Server IP Address (single-network scenario) Server DNS Lookup (multiple-network scenario) Microsoft Exchange Server Microsoft Exchange Server Automatic/instantaneous routing ofusers in case of failure Users

  24. Strategic Authentication and Name Resolution 2-31 • DNS • Domain controllers • Global catalog service

  25. External DNS NLBcluster • Standard zone • Secondary public DNS High Availability 2-31 Internet AD site1 Subnet A Subnet B DMZ DNS NLBcluster • ADI DNS zone • Primary private • Standard zone • Primary public AD site2 Subnet C Subnet D AD site3 Subnet E Subnet F • ADI DNS zone • Primary private • ADI DNS zone • Primary private

  26. Domain Controller High Availability 2-33 • Centralized deployments • Decentralized deployments • Mixed deployments

  27. DC DC DC DC DC Centralized Domain Controllers 2-34

  28. DC DC DC DC DC Decentralized Domain Controllers 2-35

  29. Mixed Domain Controllers 2-36 DC DC DC E2K3 DC 200users DC

  30. Global Catalog High Availability 2-37 AD site1 AD site4 DC GC DC GC DC GC (2) E2K3 servers (4) E2K3 servers AD site3 AD site2 DC GC DC GC DC GC DC GC DC GC (6) E2K3 servers (8) E2K3 servers

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