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Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids, Liquids and Gases. Chapter 16. The Kinetic Theory. An explanation of how particles of matter behave All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, ions, molecules) These particles are in constant, random motion These particles collide with themselves and their container.

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Solids, Liquids and Gases

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  1. Solids, Liquids and Gases Chapter 16

  2. The Kinetic Theory • An explanation of how particles of matter behave • All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, ions, molecules) • These particles are in constant, random motion • These particles collide with themselves and their container

  3. Thermal Energy • Total amount of energy in matter, including kinetic (moving) and potential (held in bonds between molecules) • As temperature lowers, the thermal energy goes down and the particles tend to vibrate • At higher temperatures, the particles move very quickly

  4. Temperature and Kinetic Energy • Temperature is the measure of the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance • The lower the temperature, the lower the kinetic energy (movement) of the particles

  5. Solid State • In a solid, the particles are tightly packed together • They vibrate against each other • Chemical and physical properties can be attributed to the arrangement of particles • Definite size, shape and volume

  6. Liquid State • Melting point– point where a solid turns into a liquid • Particles move faster than in a solid • Heat of fusion- heat needed to turn a solid into a liquid • No definite shape, has definite volume • Flows freely

  7. Gas State • Very fast molecular movement • Do not have a definite volume or shape • Vaporization- a liquid turns into a gas when heat is applied • Evaporation can occur at lower temperatures off the surface of the liquid

  8. Boiling Point • Temperature where liquid boils and liquid begins to turn into a gas • Heat of vaporization- amount of energy required to turn a liquid into a gas

  9. Sublimation • A solid changing into a gas • Skips the liquid state • Ex. Dry ice

  10. Heating Curve of a Liquid

  11. Phase Diagram

  12. Plasma State • Consists of positive and negative particles • Most common state of matter in the universe • Exists where temperature is very, very high • Ex, the sun, lightening, neon tubes and auroras

  13. Thermal Expansion • The increase in size of something when temperature increases • When they cool down, they shrink because the molecules aren’t moving around as much • Thermal expansion of liquids explain why liquid in thermometers rise • Thermal expansion of gas is how hot air balloons work

  14. Strange Behavior of Water • Water behaves differently • When water cools down, the molecules become further apart • The explains why ice floats in water

  15. Boyle’s Law • If you decrease the volume, then you increase the pressure • If you increase the volume, then the pressureof the gas decreases • Inversely proportional

  16. Charles Law • Temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases • Temperature of a gas decreases, so does the volume • Ex. Put a balloon in the freezer it shrinks

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