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Current and Voltage Relationship for a Capacitor: Derivative

Current and Voltage Relationship for a Capacitor: Derivative. Scott Starks, PhD, PE Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UTEP. What is a Capacitor?. A capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy in an electric field.

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Current and Voltage Relationship for a Capacitor: Derivative

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  1. Current and Voltage Relationship for a Capacitor: Derivative Scott Starks, PhD, PE Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UTEP

  2. What is a Capacitor? • A capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy in an electric field. • It consists of two conductors separated by a dielectric material. • Capacitors are widely used as parts of circuits in many common electrical devices. • Energy is stored in the electrostatic field.

  3. Images of Physical Capacitors

  4. How a Capacitor Operates • When a voltage is placed across a capacitor, an electric field develops across the dielectric. • This causes positive charge to collect on one plate and negative charge on the other plate. • As the voltage is varied, so too does the amount of charge on each plate. • The change in charge constitutes and electric current. Explanation Functional Diagram

  5. Relationship between Current and Voltage • Current and voltage obey the following law, • where i is current (Amps), • v is voltage (Volts), and • C is capacitance (Farads). i + v - Current/Voltage Law Schematic Diagram

  6. Plots for Voltage and Current Note: C = 1 Farad i(A) 5 -5 t(s) 0 2 4 6 8 Plot of Voltage Plot of Current

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