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The US and WWI

The US and WWI. Ch 21 Sec 1 – 4 Review. Part I- The War Begins. Europe on the Eve of World War I, 1914. The Causes. Competing Alliances Europe Tension- most Euro-nations were hooked up in an alliance of some sort Nationalism

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The US and WWI

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  1. The US and WWI Ch 21 Sec 1 – 4 Review

  2. Part I- The War Begins

  3. Europe on the Eve of World War I, 1914

  4. The Causes • Competing Alliances • Europe Tension- most Euro-nations were hooked up in an alliance of some sort • Nationalism • Your nation must compete/keep up or be better than the other nations caused competition and tension

  5. Triple Alliance v. Triple Entente

  6. The Causes • Imperialism • Competition for more territory, resources, markets adds to the tension between nations • Militarism • Military Spending increased 300% from 1870 -1914

  7. Machine Guns Industrialization applied to killing

  8. Tanks One way to deal with the trenches …well sort of

  9. Big Guns can only mean one thing... Big Holes

  10. Ahh... technology Chemical Warfare ...it’s a gas

  11. Solve for X: Science +Technology + Military= X? 20 Million+ will die in WWI

  12. Allied Powers Russia France Great Britain Serbia Others Central Powers Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Turks Others The Match Up • What about the United States?

  13. Part II- The US Gets Involved

  14. Early American Reaction • Stay out it’s a European Affair, however... • 1 out 7 Americans are European immigrants • 2 out 5 Americans have family in Europe • Americans were related to and also doing business with both sides in the conflict

  15. American Factories Provide the munitions

  16. US Attitude-Neutrality (sort of…) • America tries to stay neutral • Europeans conflict damaged US business and farms • President Wilson tried to keep US out

  17. What if… • If European markets go down than so will US economy • Wilson allows US banks to loan money to European nations • US business manufactures munitions • US Banks and Wall Street loan Billions to Allies and only millions to Central Powers

  18. British Naval Superiority

  19. American Involvement: U-boats • German U-boats- attack US ships • Lusitania- carried war supplies May 1915 • Sussex Pledge- Germany will try to stop • Germany resumes U-boat attacks

  20. German U-boats: Used to prevent Allies from getting supplies

  21. Zimmerman Telegram A bit suspicious Was it real or not? Hmm…

  22. American Involvement: Zimmerman Telegram • Asked Mexico to join Germany and Central powers, if the US gets involved in WWI • Germany and Mexico would split up US after WWI • Was it real? • Germany denied it. • Mexico said they never got it. • It was discovered by a British Spy, hmmm?

  23. Bolsheviks take over Russia end Monarchy and immediately pull out of WWI

  24. American Involvement: Russian Revolution 1917 • Russian monarchy this was against (US) ideals of Democracy • Bolsheviks take over and pull out of the war • Now the US has no issues joining the Allies

  25. American Involvement: The Financial Issue • US banks and business have loaned billions to the Allied Nations • US banks and business have loaned millions to the Central Power Nations • Do the Math • Do you want to lose Millions… • Or Billions?

  26. US Enters the War • Wilson declares war on Germany in April 1917 • “The United States would fight to make the world safe for democracy.” • Many American business see it as an opportunity • Some say that that the war is going on at the command of Gold.’ • Anti war attitudes are quickly silenced

  27. Woodrow Wilson shown with a young FDR

  28. But in the US… not everyone had a voice in their government… even in America

  29. US and WWI : The War • The US enters in1917 • First action not until April 1918 • War ends Nov. 11, 1918 (11/11 @ 11:00 AM) • US Casualties = 116,516

  30. WWI Casualties • US - 116,516 • GB- 908,000; • France- 1,375,000 • Germany-1,800,000 • Austria-Hungary 1,200,000 • Russia- 1,700,000

  31. Impact of WWI- Military Military • Selective Service Act- the Draft, army wanted 3 million men • Segregated Army still the case- Harlem Hell Fighters; most AA did grunt work • Volunteers Women- nurses, drivers, etc.

  32. Impact of WWI- $$$ Bonds • Billions $$ raised to support war • Most came in bonds, Liberty Bonds • Mass movement to sell bonds- Boy Scouts, celebrities, etc pushed them.

  33. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies • War Industries Board- oversaw production; told companies what to make and also said who could have what resources • “Metal for bullets not refrigerators”

  34. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies • National Labor Relations Board- settled disputes between business and workers (unions) • Most strikes occurred during this time- gave unions power • Women and AA entered work force • IWW & other socialists were persecuted- seen as anti-America

  35. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies • Food Administration • Issued price controls and rationing • Made sure army had supplies • Propaganda to increase production and conservation

  36. Impact of WWI- $$$ Agencies • Committee of Public Information • Issued propaganda in support of the war • Films, songs, campaigns, etc. • Promoted fear of foreigners- sedition and espionage • Anti-war = Anti-American?

  37. Anti-War = Anti- America • Violence against anti-war people • Union (IWW) members arrested beaten • Vigilantes & Lynching- Robert Prager • German Measles = Liberty measles • Hamburger = Liberty sandwich • French Fries = Freedom fries? • No Mozart or German Music • Literacy test for immigrants

  38. The End of the War This will come into play again and again and again

  39. Wilson’s 14 Points • Presidents Wilson’s idea to end the war, bring peace for the long term • Based on self-determination and little retribution • England & France- more interested in revenge • Most of 14 points thrown out, except League of Nations • Wilson leaves peace talks before Treaty signed

  40. Treaty of Versailles 1919 • Ends war • England and France make Germany pay • Germany must: • Pay reparations $33 Billion • Give Up Colonies • Give Up Military • Gove up land between Germany & France • Must take the blame for starting the war

  41. US Isolationism • Europe was constantly fighting • US lost soldiers • Leads to no involvement w/Europe • US denies League of Nations • Wilson dies • America stays our of European affairs

  42. US Isolationism  $$ • Europe messed up after the war • US farms & industries take advantage • US becomes economic powerhouse • Europe owes US mass $$ (+$11.5 billion) • US established as a world power

  43. End of the War at Home • Soldiers return home need jobs • Causes unrest- women and minorities were pushed out of jobs • Europeans were messed up and buying less • US industries sell less and less, workers start to get fired, the cycle…

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