1 / 29

The Nervous System

The Nervous System. Origin of the nervous system. neurulation neural induction => neural plate => neural folds (C4 somite)……… notogenesis caudal morphogenetic system paraxial mesoderm neuroporus anterior neuroporus posterior. Neural tube defects (NTDs). spina bifida anencephalia.

ginger-lyons
Download Presentation

The Nervous System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Nervous System

  2. Origin of the nervous system • neurulation • neural induction => neural plate => neural folds (C4 somite)……… notogenesis • caudal morphogenetic system • paraxial mesoderm • neuroporus anterior • neuroporus posterior

  3. Neural tube defects (NTDs) • spina bifida • anencephalia

  4. Neural crest melanocytes, odontoblasts, suprarenal medulla (chromaffin cells), Schwann cells of peripheral axons, oligodendrocytes, satelitte cells of the ganglia, cells of the pia mater and the arachnoidea, postganglionic neurons of the ANS, sensory ganglia of the PNS

  5. Segmentation, morphogenesis • => brain vesicles => spinal segments • differentiation, determination, induction, apoptosis • homeotic genes

  6. Neural tube histogenesis • neuroepithelium • lamina limitans interna • membrana limitans externa layers (zones): • inner - germinal (ventricular) • intermediate - mantle • outer - marginal

  7. The development of the spinal cord • epithelium => zones: - ventricular - intermediate - marginal • floor and roof plate • sulcus limitans • alar and basal plate

  8. The spinal cord • white matter • grey matter • positional changes of the spinal cord

  9. The spinal cord:N5 (HE)N6 (gallocyanin)

  10. The development of the brain • prosencephalon => telencephalon => diencephalon • mesencephalon • rhombencephalon => metencephalon => myelencephalon • flexura cervicalis et mesencephalica, f. pontina

  11. Cerebrum • izocortex - laminae: 1. zonalis- tinny multipolar neurons 2. granularis externa- small pyramidal cells 3. pyramidalis- middle-size multipolar neurons 4. granularis interna- small neurons, Martinotti cells 5. ganglionaris- gigantic Betz pyramids 6. multiformis - large polymorphic neurons,Martinotti cells

  12. Cerebrum • allocortex 1. lamina zonalis (molecularis) 2. stratum pyramidale 3. lamina multiformis

  13. Cortex cerebri:N1 (HE)N2 (myelin)

  14. The development of the cerebellum <= dorsal parts of the alar plate structure according to the fylogenesis: • archicerebellum • paleocerebellum • neocerebellum

  15. The Cerebellum • grey matter - cortex: - molecular layer - intermediate layer of the Purkyne cells - granular layer • white matter - „arbor vitae“

  16. Cerebellum:N3 (HE)N4 (kresyl violet)

  17. Meninges • dura mater • arachnoid • pia mater • blood - brain barrier

  18. Rhombencephalon - pl.chorioideus • tela chorioidea = thin lamel of the columnar cells of ependym - pia mater on the surface => infolding in the ventricle IV - plexus chorioideus

  19. Plexus choroideus = invaginated folds of pia mater that penetrate the interior of the ventricles • epithelium continual the ependym • under the apex - intercellular connections • fenestrated capillaries with diaphragm • function

  20. Plexus choroideus:N7 (HE)

  21. Peripheral nervous system • neurofibres - endoneurium • bundles of the fibres - perineurium • nerves- epineurium - afferent, efferent, mixture • ganglia

  22. Peripheral nerve: N10 (HE)

  23. PNS - ganglia: • intramural - GIT etc., parasympathetic system • craniospinal (sensory,of the dorsal spinal roots) - pseudounipolar neurons - bipolar only in the ganglion n. VIII - periphery: neurocytes - central: nerve fibres • autonomic - multipolar, efferent neurons, regular arranged - incomplete layer of the satellite cells

  24. Sensory ganglion: N8 (HE)Autonomic ganglion: N9 (HE)

More Related