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Frozen-in Condition

Frozen-in Condition. E + V × B =0. 3. Solar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field. Outline:. 太阳风的发现 太阳风的特性 太阳风的形成 太阳风传播的范围 1AU 处太阳风的测量 Coronal Magnetic field Interplanetary Magnetic Field Park Spiral and Heliospheric Current Sheet Corotating Interaction Region. 太阳风的发现. 彗星中的双拖尾结构

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Frozen-in Condition

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  1. Frozen-in Condition • E+V×B=0

  2. 3. Solar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field

  3. Outline: • 太阳风的发现 • 太阳风的特性 • 太阳风的形成 • 太阳风传播的范围 • 1AU 处太阳风的测量 • Coronal Magnetic field • Interplanetary Magnetic Field • Park Spiral and Heliospheric Current Sheet • Corotating Interaction Region

  4. 太阳风的发现 彗星中的双拖尾结构 • Diffused one is caused by solar radiation pressure; • The sharp one is caused by solar wind.

  5. Solar Wind

  6. Parker’s solar wind model (1958) • 从磁流体理论出发； • 假设太阳大气层存在一个加热源； • 得到supersonic solar wind.

  7. Solar coronal outflow • 假设日冕处于平衡态 即受重力场约束 • 连续性方程 • 流体的运动方程 Vlasov equation • 流体的能量方程

  8. Fluid momentum equation

  9. Interstellar wind The majority of the interstellar gas and dust that we see was produced by star death

  10. Solar Coronal Outflow

  11. 理论预言的太阳风速率变化

  12. 行星际中的磁场 Flux conservation

  13. 太阳自转的影响

  14. 实际的行星际磁场的传播

  15. 太阳风如何被减速?

  16. Interstellar wind and background pressure about 10-13Pa

  17. Solution: introducing a standing shock wave Total pressure balanced at the shock front

  18. 注意如下关系式

  19. 定义：

  20. Voyager 1 和 2的发现 Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock, September 23, 2005 Voyager 2 crossed the termination shock, August 30, 2007

  21. Termination of the Solar wind

  22. Voyager spacecraft

  23. Voyager mission Voyager mission

  24. Solar wind at 1AU • Solar wind is fully ionized into electrons, protons, and He2+(3%); Solar wind parameters measured by spacecraft near the Earth

  25. WIND and ACE mission

  26. Lagrangian point

  27. Quiz 4 • 如果没有太阳风的直接测量，请问有什么自然现象支持太阳风的存在？列举两种以上。 • 说说源自太阳赤道上和太阳极区的磁场有什么差别，哪一种随日球层距离下降的快？

  28. Coronal Magnetic Field

  29. Interplanetary Magnetic Field Introduction of Space Physics by M. G. Kivelson and C. T. Russell

  30. Parker Spiral magnetic field

  31. 行星际中性电流片 The radial current in the circuit is on the order of 3×109 amperes. However, the maximum current density is 10-10A/m2 Image courtesy J. Jokipii, University of Arizona

  32. Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS)

  33. Corotating Interaction Region

  34. Corotating Interaction Region shock

  35. MHD模拟的CIRs http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~cairns/teaching/lecture11/node4.html

  36. Summary • 简单介绍了太阳风经典理论； • 探讨了太阳风在Termination Shock的减速问题; • Parker Spiral行星际磁场,中性电流片,CIR；

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