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Goal  Homework  Warm-up 

Earth Layers. Goal  Homework  Warm-up  . To identify the different layers that make up the Earth’s interior. DR 4.1. Please take out your homework . Then , in your science journal:.

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Goal  Homework  Warm-up 

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  1. Earth Layers • Goal  • Homework  • Warm-up  To identify the different layers that make up the Earth’s interior DR 4.1 Please take out your homework . Then, in your science journal: Look at p. 96 – 97 in your book. Based on composition, what are the 3 layers of the Earth?Describe what each layer is made of.

  2. How the Earth Was Made With the people around you, come up with a list of three scientific mysteries mentioned in the video, and what evidence scientists used to help figure out what really happened during the formation the Grand Canyon

  3. Rocks and Minerals Test

  4. Inside the Earth • Earth’s layers  • Divided up in two ways: • Composition (the compounds they’re made of) • Physical properties (how they behave) B. What is a compound? Pure substance made of elements chemically bonded together

  5. Composition of the Earth • Three layers based on composition: • 1) • 2) • 3) crust Crust Mantle mantle Core core Densest layers are in the core because denser objects always sink due to gravity, while less dense objects float to the surface.

  6. The Earth’s Crust Continental Crust Granite DENSER LESS DENSE Oceanic Crust Basalt • Continental crust • Oceanic crust  silicon, oxygen and aluminum iron, calcium, and magnesium Why does oceanic crust sit lower than continental crust? (What do we know about basalt?)

  7. The Mantle • Between the core and crust • Most of the Earth’s mass is in the mantle • Contains more magnesium, which is denser than aluminum in the crust The top layers of the mantle are hot enough to be plastic or semi-liquid, which allows it to… FLOW

  8. The Mantle There are places in the ocean where the mantle pushes through to form new rock along the ocean floor. RIFT Scientists research the ocean floor to find out about the mantle, because… They’re made of the same stuff!

  9. Where the mantle meets the crust

  10. The Core • Consists of an outer liquid core and a solid inner core • Makes up 1/3 of the Earth’s mass • Made mainly of iron and nickel (the denser elements) • Almost no silicon, oxygen, and aluminum

  11. Deepest Hole in the World Dug to a depth of 40,230 ft (7.6 miles) Kola Superdeep Borehole (Russia)

  12. Tectonic Plates Identify the 5 Earth layers and their properties. Think critically about lab analysis/conclusion answers. • Goal  • Homework  • Warm-up  Take out DR 4.1 Pick article (class website), write a one-paragraph summary In your science journal Look at p. 100 in your textbook. Describe what the Earth’s tectonic plates are, including which layer of the Earth makes them up.

  13. Drilling Down to the Mantle

  14. Hole Through the Earth What would it be like to jump into this hole? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TZVCxCiMHE

  15. Brain POP http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthsstructure/

  16. Tectonic Plates

  17. Tectonic Plates • Tecton “to build” (Greek) • Pieces of the lithosphere that move around, floating on top of the denser asthenosphere • Each plate fits together with the plate it butts up against. • There are 10 or so major plates, but around 50 or more total, including all of the smaller ones.

  18. Oceanic and Continental Crust The South American plate is a single plate containing both continental and oceanic crust. It is surrounded by several other oceanic plates.

  19. Ice Cubes in a Punch Bowl • Both oceanic and continental plates float on top of the asthenosphere, like ice cubes floating in water, because of their… Lower density • Just like ice cubes, the plates can move around and often bump into each other. • Some of the plate sits below the level of the asthenosphere, just like ice displacing water. The thicker continental crust displaces more of the asthenosphere than does oceanic crust.

  20. DR 4.1: “Inside the Earth” • Match the correct definition with the correct term from the list below. • 12. The outermost, rigid layer of the earth • 13. A layer of slowly flowing rock in the mantle • 14. The liquid layer of the core • 15. The solid layer of the core • 16. The strong, lower part of the mantle • 17. Use the letters to label the picture! B A D B E C C A D E • A. asthenosphere • B. lithosphere • C. mesosphere • D. outer core • E. inner core

  21. Physical Structure of the Earth Five layers based on physical properties: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer core Inner core This layer makes up the tectonic plates! Rocky crust and rigid outermost mantle Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Plastic upper mantle directly beneath the lithosphere Dense, hard lower layers of the mantle

  22. The E-word: Evidence! • How do we know about these layers? • By the motion of seismic waves

  23. Mapping the Earth’s Interior When earthquakes occur, seismic waves (vibrations) are sent out in all directions, through the earth. These vibrations reach different places at different times because of the ways the waves… BEND and CHANGE SPEED as they pass through the internal layers. shadow zone

  24. Earth Layers Diagram Part 1: Compasses Use these measurements: Five Physical Layers of the Earth (science journal)

  25. Earth Layers • Goal  • Homework  • Warm-up  • To finish the Earth layers diagram • To read a couple science news stories DR 4.2 “Restless Continents” Write down tonight’s homework. Then, discuss with the people at your table: What does this diagram show? Use the word “refraction” in your discussion.

  26. Choose One: #1 #2 #3 #4

  27. Earth Layers Diagram Part 2: Labeling After you have drawn your Earth layer diagram • On your diagram: • Shade and label the name of each layer • On the adjacent page: • List the five layers from outside in. • Give the actual thickness of each in km. • Define and describe the physical properties of each these physical layers. Use p. 96 - 99

  28. Earth Layers Diagram Part 3: Zoom In • Look at p. 98 in your textbook. • Copy the magnified portion of the diagram. Draw it to the right or above your bigger diagram. Make sure to show how the Mesosphere, Asthenosphere, and bottom portion of the Lithosphere are all part of the mantle.

  29. Earth Layers Diagram Part 4: Questions Use your diagram and textbook to help you answer these questions in your journal. Please write in complete sentences. 1) Which layer of the Earth is completely molten? 2) Which layer is considered “plastic”? 3) Which layer makes up the tectonic plates? 4) Which layers are made of iron and nickel? 5) Which layer makes up most of the Earth’s mass? 6) Which layer slowly flows and sometimes break through to the Earth’s surface? 7) Which layers are part of the mantle? 8) In reference to your diagram, where is the crust found?

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