Presentation on Strategy for Missile System Flight Test, Evaluation and Demonstration Planning

1. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Presentation on Strategy for Missile System Flight Test, Evaluation and Demonstration Planning By Parveen Kumar Directorate of Missiles, Defence Research Development Organisation, Ministry of Defence, India Tel: +91-11-23007630, 23007514 E Mail: kumarparveen_kaushik@rediffmail.com May 06, 2010

2. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Outline of The Talk • Motivation • Introduction • Ground Tests and Evaluation • Pre Mission Activities • Coordination • Site selection for Sensors • EOTS • Radar • Telemetry • Timing, Telecommand, Communication • Data Processing, CCTV, PP, Power System, MET • Down Range • Range Safety • Mission Activities • Post Mission Activities • Conclusion and future Scopes May 06, 2010

3. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Motivation • Flight Test and evaluation (T&E) and demonstration are integral part of weapon system development process. • T & E provides the means for determining to what extent the weapon system satisfies its requirements, and whether or not it should continue with production and induction into services. • T&E gives input to the designer and developer, while demonstration • gives the scale of confidence to the user services about the weapon. • Once missile system is introduced into services, T&E and demonstration is performed in support of software and hardware configuration control, evaluation of product improvements and engineering change proposals. May 06, 2010

4. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Introduction • Missile Test, Evaluation and Demonstration involves multi-facet hazardous and high–risk activities. These must be accomplished in time with utmost care to meet program schedules. • Range operations require four major steps. These are Launch Vehicle and its Systems preparation for trial, Range safety preparedness, Integrated Range Instrumentation support Readiness and Logistic & allied support services for safely launching of flight vehicle. • Test and evaluation can be divided in two stages for Missile weapon system, viz Ground tests and Flight tests. • Ground tests consists Subsystem and System level developmental tests, high in loop simulation (HILS) tests, Pre Integration Tests, Full Integration checkout, Launch Pad checks and finally Range Integration Checks. May 06, 2010

5. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Introduction Contd. • Once the weapon system is ready for the flight test, a number of sensors and Range instruments are deployed to evaluate the performance of the weapon system during the flight test. • During the flight test, various parameters like Video data, Trajectory, Range, Altitude, Health parameters like Velocity, Temperature, Pressure, INS parameter, GPS parameter, Safety command etc. are monitored and recorded for the real time decision and post mission analysis. • This phase of the test is done through Radio Frequency connectivity and Electro-optics application. Radar Stations, Telemetry (TM) Stations, Electro Optical Tracking Stations (EOTS), Communications, Data Processing, Video Cameras, Closed circuit television (CCTV), Flight safety setup, Telecommand, Timing, are few of the critical instruments and sensors deployed while conducting the flight tests. May 06, 2010

6. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Ground Test and Evaluation • Subsystem and System developmental test • Analytical study • Laboratory/Field Test • Analytical simulation • High in loop simulation (HILS) Test • Pre integration Test at Range • Full integration checkout • Launch Pad checks May 06, 2010

7. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Coordination • A number of Reviews, meetings and Partnership counseling with different Agencies/Ranges are jointly carried out for the mutual understanding. • Safety Hazards and Risk Assessment Measures on all phases of flight vehicle preparations (Integration and checkout) are carried out jointly by Range and Users. • Vital documents like Countdown, range readiness review are prepared. • Critical and standard test procedures like instrumentation range network, configuration validation, system interfaces to external entity, bias estimation and correction, Helicopter/Aircraft sortie for range validation, Range integration checks (RIC), Electro-Magnetic environmental effect test, time synchronization, hold checks, trajectory simulation and displays checks are critically reviewed and implemented for smooth operation of range and decision making. May 06, 2010

8. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India MISSION ACTIVITY FLOW CHART User Debriefing of Mission Quick Look Data Project Dte. of Missile, DRDO-HQ Handing over data to the project Range Management Mission Appraised to HQ Receipt of FTP/Range Requisition Format SAFETY ACTIVITY Feasibility Study & Range Configuration Design Safety Assessment and reviews Dissemination of information to Div/Gp Failure mode analysis and assessment Joint Coord Meeting for total Mission Req. Waiver board and post flight analysis recomendation Range validation by Heptr/NRSA Sortie Propulsion proof certification Range Readiness Review Legal Compliances Range Integration Checks Search and Rescue (SAR) Preparation of count down document Risk Assessment and its Management Flight Readiness Review Ground Safety Management Launch Authorization Board Flight Safety Management Mission count down May 06, 2010

9. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Site selection for Sensor deployment Identification of site is very important step towards planning for Test Range. This factor plays a very critical role in Range budget calculation. Site should be chosen in such a way that instrument deployed at the specified location could cover the maximum possible range of Missile flight and provide the desired data & information to the designer. All instruments like Radar, EOTS, Telemetry Station, and High speed Camera has to be positioned accordingly. Range Network May 06, 2010

10. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Electro Optical Tracking System Concept of line-of-sight tracking and Real-Time image processing, enables the system to provide the precise trajectory information of the target right from take-off till the imaging limit in Infrared Band (3-5micro/8-13micr). Object detected by EOTS Electro Optical Tracking System • An automatic video tracker, which accepts video either from zoom TV camera or IR imaging camera. It detects the object within a rectangular marked region sometimes called as gate, locks-on and tracks the detected object. The system tracks the object by the principles of real time image processing. • The tracker finds out the angular deviations (azimuth and elevation) from the reference point of boresight (central sensor axis). These angular deviations termed as error signal for the closed loop control . The closed loop control in order corrects the pedestal movement in each video field/frame to maintain the object in the center of the field of view (FOV). May 06, 2010

11. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Radar Systems Radar System Radar system is capable to measure, Slant Range, Radial Velocity, Azimuth & Elevation angles in real time. Range Radar aims at providing real time location’s information for all sorts of flight trials. May 06, 2010

12. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Telemetry Systems Telemetry plays a crucial role during any test launch campaign Phase III: This phase includes Sensor checks, Telemetry Encoder, Transmitter & Ground System Compatibility Checks. Phase IV: This Phase coversIntegrated System Health Checks, Range Integration Checks Real Time Launch: Duringreal time, telemetry accomplishes Tracking, Data acquisition, Storage, De-commutation, Processing, Distribution and Display. Pr= Pt + Gt + GrLt Pr= power received in dBm Pt= power transmitted in dBm Gr= gain of the receiver antenna in dB. Gt= gain of the transmit antenna in dB. Lt= space losses in dB. Lt = 36.58 + 20 • log Dm + 20 • log f (dB for statute miles) Lt = space loss Dm = distance in statute miles. f = frequency in MHz.  Telemetry System May 06, 2010

13. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Integrated Communication Network • A number of sensors and systems are positioned in strategic locations for collecting the various technical parameters for the flight vehicle. • Mission is controlled from the centralized location viz. control center. • A reliable communication network is essential to connect all the mission related stations for conducting missions. Timing & Telecommand System • Central Timing System generates Real Time and Count down Time. • Tracking instruments need real Time for synchronization of their data in Time Domain. Telecommand Block diagram Dual Change Data Processing System • Objective of Range Central Computer is to evaluate the performance of the missile from the tracking data acquired during the test from various tracking sensors. • Necessary computer designated mode (CDM) bearings are provided to specific sensor. • Real time display is provided to decision-making experts like Range Safety Officer (RSO), Mission Director (MD), Range Director (RD) & Vehicle Director (VD). May 06, 2010

14. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Visual Surveillance – CCTV and Photo – Processing Cameras Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) provides highly valuable video data of any test vehicle to the users. It provides event monitoring from a far off place for various events e.g. missile assembling and checkout for various sub-systems, its movement to launch pad, umbilical disconnection, launch release mechanism, lift-off and initial phase of the trajectory. Power System, Meteorology (MET) Radar • Meteorology Group supports various objects by providing Long Range Weather Forecast for scheduling the mission, short range forecast for taking up various mission activities, timely weather warning for taking safety measures. • Emergency power supply to various ground stations and launch complexes during real time Range operation is provided through Diesel Generating sets having hot standby arrangements. May 06, 2010

15. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Integration of Equipment at Downrange • Radar, Telemetry, EOTS station has to be deployed at the down range to monitor the flight vehicle during trail phase and impact phase. • Down Range station has to be integrated with the all other stations with Integrated Communication Network. Down Range Ship Ship based Flight Test Evaluation Range Safety • Range clearance notification for air and sea routes falling under the danger zone of missile trajectory contours is issued. This is an integrated, critical and a time bound mandatory exercise. • NOTAM and NAVAREA are issued to block the air space and Sea routes during the launch window. • Ground Safety team ensures an accident free environment in the Range throughout entire duration of campaign period.

16. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Range Integration Checks Once Test planning is done, all the instruments, sensors and experts are in place, then Range integration check is done. A count down document is prepared and all the events as per the document is exercised. This exercise consists the events of Missile launch and the Test Range role. Each person and machine is geared up for the final test flight once this test is successfully completed. Mission Activities • All Range System has to work in tandem as per the Mission countdown document prepared. • Performance of each System will matter in the final outcome of the conclusion about the performance of the flight vehicle. Post Mission Activities • After the flight test is completed, post flight analysis has to be done to examine the data collected from the various tracking stations and reaching at a proper conclusion. • All the data related to the test and evaluation is handed over to the designer for their further perusal and analysis, which helps the designer to incorporate necessary modifications in the design.

17. First Israel Multinational BMD Conference Directorate of Missiles, DRDO, India Conclusion and Future scope • To achieve excellence in customer service and reliability in Range instrumentation Facilities, world standard test procedure, have been implemented. • Encryption and decryption, High Bit rate Telemetry with long range tracking capability, Radar with multi target and long range tracking capability, High speed Video Cameras, Air Born Range, Ship based Range, State of the art Helicopter for sorties, Dedicated Satellite Bandwidth are the state of the art systems for flight Test Range. • Tracking and non tracking cameras should be set up around the Impact sites. Minimum essential range instruments can be installed on the helicopter like Telemetry, Radar, Recording, Communication sets, Timing etc. • Helicopter may be airborne and positioned near some point-course of the missile’s expected trajectory or it may fly along the missile with a proper safety distance margin. • When the Ground stations looses the target tracking due to line of sight constraint or other constraint, Helicopter based instruments will keep on tracking the missile.   May 06, 2010