ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS

1. ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATORS

2. SCOPE OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR • purification of polluted air, which are created by industries. • ESP multiplier produces negative ion in environment. • combination of negative ions makes ozone which is required for green environment. • New idea • Uses of voltage multiplier on every street make our DREAM GREEN WORLD.

3. Introduction toPrecipitators An electrostatic precipitator is a large, industrial emission-control unit. It is designed to trap and remove dust particles from the exhaust gas stream of an industrial process. Precipitators are used in these industries: • Power/Electric • Cement • Chemicals • Metals • Paper

4. BASIC PRINCIPLES • Electrostatic precipitation removes particles from the exhaust gas stream of an industrial process. • Often the process involves combustion, but it can be any industrial process that would otherwise emit particles to the atmosphere. Six activities typically take place: • Ionization - Charging of particles • Migration - Transporting the charged particles to the collecting surface • Collection - Precipitation of the charged particles onto the collecting surfaces • Charge Dissipation - Neutralizing the charged particles on the collecting surfaces • Particle Dislodging - Removing the particles from the collecting surface to the hopper • Particle Removal - Conveying the particles from the hopper to a disposal point

5. Principles of Electrostatic precipitator Electrostatic precipitation is a method of dust collection that uses electrostatic forces, and consists of discharge wires and collecting plates . A high voltage is applied to the discharge wires to form an electrical field between the wires and the collecting plates, and also ionizes the gas around the discharge wires to supply ions. When gas that contains an aerosol(dust, mist) flows between the collecting plates and the discharge wires, the aerosol particles in the gas are charged by the ions. • Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are one of the more frequently used thatcan handle large gas volumes with a wide range of inlet temperatures, pressures, dust volumes, and acid gas conditions. • They can collect a wide range of particle sizes, and they can collect particles in dry and wet states.

6. When gas that contain an aerosol particles(dust , mist) flows between the collecting plates and the discharge wires , the aerosols particles in the gas are charged by the ion plates • The Coulomb force caused by the electric field causes the • charged particles to be collected on the collecting plates, and the gas is purified. • For many industries, the collection efficiency can go as high as 99%. • ESPs aren't always the appropriate collection device, but they work because of electrostatic attraction (like charges repel; unlike charges attract).

7. VOLTAGE MULTIPLIERS The cheapest and popular way to generate high voltage with low current is by using the multi stage diodes and capacitors to develop a multiplier circuit Compared to voltage multiplier uses transformer multiplier eliminate the requirement. This multiplier can step-up low voltage into extremely high voltage by using only capacitors and diodes but at the severe time for lighter and cheaper than transformer. • The CW is a voltage multiplier that converts AC or pulsing DC electrical power from a low voltage level to a higher DC voltage level.

8. What are negative ions? Negative ions are electrically-charged particles in the air that remove airborne contaminates from the air we breathe, and have a rejuvenating effect when interacting with physiological systems (such as the respiratory system). Have you ever noticed that how refreshing the air is when you are in the mountains, or by waterfall? Or how revitalized you feel? The explanation for this is that there are usually at least 2,000 negative ions per cubic centimeter (which is optimal) in these environments. On the other hand, there are only a couple hundred negative ions per cubic cm. in the typical indoor environment.

9. How do negative ions remove pollutants from the air? Negatively-charged negative ions attach themselves to contaminates and allergens, which are positively-charged. The newly-formed larger particles are then able to fall to the ground, and out of the air we breathe.

10. AIR IONIZER Air ionizers are used in air purifiers. An air ionizer(or negative ion generator) is a device that uses high voltage to ionize(electrically charge) air molecules. Negative ions, or anions, are particles with one or more extra electrons, conferring a net negative charge to the particle. Cations are positive ions missing one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge Most commercial air purifiers are designed to generate negative ions. Another type of air ionizer is the ESD ionizer (balanced ion generator) used to neutralize static charge.

11. WHY AIR IONIZER ? The design of the circuit is aimed to produce a device that would remove microscopic particles from the air instead of using fans and filters, by generating negative ions or ionizing the air. • Ion – an atom or a group of atoms that bears a positive or negative electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons • Air Ionizer – also known as negative ion generator, is a device that is designed to purify the air by using high voltage to electrically charge air molecules It has been proven in medical field that the gathering of negative ions in the atmosphere by the human body would be beneficial which is in contrary with the accumulation of positive ions. The main cause of several pathological abnormalities in the body’s organism is the lack of negative ions. • Negative ions (anions) are particles with one or more extra electrons while positive ions (cat ions) are particles with missing one or more electrons. Negative ions are used by most commercial air purifiers Negative ions and ozone can be generated in another way like the natural phenomenon such as lightning or waterfalls.

12. ADVANTAGE OF AIR IONIZER The theory of this circuit can be employed in several useful applications like the Ion Sniffer that detects air ion. The Natural Air Purifier that produces negative ions and safe levels of ozone for odor elimination . The Green Air which purifies UV air. The Refrigerator Sanitizer that reduces food spoilage by eliminating moldy bread, fruit, and cheese. The Car Ionizer that freshens and cleans the air in cars and trucks. Air Purifier that is lightweight and battery powered. Negative ion generators can also be included in refrigerator, toothbrushes washing machines, air cleaners, and air conditioners.

13. How does ozone work? Ozone oxidizes airborne pollutants, then reverts to oxygen, leaving behind cleansed and refreshened air. Oxygen Molecules Ozone Molecules converted from oxygen (right) as a result of an electrical charge, such as that provided by lightning, or an IPS air purifier. One oxygen atom splits off to oxidize pollutant, leaving behind breathable oxygen and purified air . Ozone is highly reactive, so it interacts with most contaminates and allergens it encounters. As the element with the second highest oxidation potential (next to fluorine), ozone proceeds to destroy the pollutant through oxidation

14. Ions versus ozone • Ionizers use electro statically charged plates to produce positively or negatively charged gas ions that particulate matter sticks to (in an effect similar to static electricity). • Ozone generators are optimized to attract an extra • oxygen ion to an O2 molecule, using either a • corona discharge tubeor UV light. Even the • best ionizers will produce a small amount of ozone , • and ozone generators can produce oxides of nitrogen. • At high concentrations, ozone can also be toxic • to air-borne bacteria, and may destroy or kill • these sometimes infectious organisms. • Ozone is a highly toxic and extremely reactive gas. • A higher daily average than 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m³) is • not recommended and can damage the lungs and • olfactory bulb cells directly. ULTRASONIC RAYS

15. PROBLEMS FACED BY IT Allergies?Refreshing Negative Ions Help Eliminate pollen, mold spores, dust, pet dander, and many other allergy causing particulates from the air you breathe, day or night.  Depressed?Scientific studies about negative ions have shown that some people become moody, tired, depressed, or experience difficulty concentrating either when negative ion counts are low, or when positive ion counts are high. Bad Air?Negative Ions, Hydroxyls, etc. from our variety of top-quality products help purify and freshen the air you breathe silently, optimally, and safely.

16. Why negative ions and low-level ozone? Negative ions and ozone are nature's most powerful air-cleansing agents. Negative ions and ozone are created by nature, and found at their most optimal levels where the air is most pure and healthy. These places typically include up in the mountains, near waterfalls, where lightning has just occurred , in open meadows away from "the city", and the ocean shore by the crashing waves.

17. Typical Applications of Ozone include: • Purification of drinking water • Hospital labs and operating rooms • Morgues • Cafeterias • HVAC systems • Deodorization of air in inhabited places • Food and plant preservation • Treatment of industrial liquid waste .

18. CONCLUSION • The goal of electrostatic precipitator is generally to exhaust particles from the atmosphere • . • It is generally exhaust harmful particles from the air. • Now a days our atmosphere is being polluted so it helps to make atmosphere pollution free • In age of industrialization the atmosphere pollution is increased rapidly to overcome from this problem precipitator helped very well.

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