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BIOMES

BIOMES. Large groups of ecosystems that share the same type of climax communities. AQUATIC BIOMES . Marine Mixed waters Freshwater. MARINE BIOMES. Different parts of the ocean have different abiotic and biotic factors: Abiotic Salinity Depth Light availability Temperature.

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BIOMES

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  1. BIOMES Large groups of ecosystems that share the same type of climax communities.

  2. AQUATIC BIOMES • Marine • Mixed waters • Freshwater

  3. MARINE BIOMES • Different parts of the ocean have different abiotic and biotic factors: • Abiotic • Salinity • Depth • Light availability • Temperature

  4. MARINE BIOMES • Biotic • BIOMASS: Living material • Mostly microscopic • Many marine creatures depend on different types of biomass.

  5. MARINE BIOME PHOTIC ZONE • Shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate • Along coastlines • EX: Bays, shores, beaches, estuaries, coral reefs

  6. PHOTIC ZONE ORGANISMS • Plankton-Basis for most marine food chains • Phytoplankton • Algae • Zooplankton • Small crustaceans

  7. MARINE BIOME-APHOTIC ZONE • Deeper water that does not receive sunlight • Deep ocean areas Umbrella Mouth Gulper Eel

  8. APHOTIC ZONE ORGANISMS • Chemosynthetic bacteria • Octopus • Squid • Deep sea fish • Some are bioluminescent Fangtooth fish

  9. MIXED WATER AQUATIC BIOME • ESTUARY • Coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land, in which fresh and salt water mix. • Where rivers join oceans. • Salinity ranges based on river flow • May contain salt marsh ecosystems

  10. ESTUARY PLANT LIFE • Smooth cordgrass • Salt marsh hay • Eelgrasses Salt Marsh Sea Grass

  11. ESTUARY ANIMAL LIFE • Developing snails, crabs and shrimp • Estuaries provide a habitat for young organisms to develop. As they reach adulthood, they move out into the ocean. Shrimp

  12. FRESHWATER BIOMES • Lakes, ponds, rivers, etc. • BIOTIC FACTORS • Fish, frogs, bacteria, etc. • Aquatic plants, algae • ABIOTIC FACTORS • Light • More light at top, less light at bottom • Temperature variations • Colder at bottom, warmer at top

  13. TERRESTRIAL BIOMES • Tundra • Taiga • Desert • Grassland • Temperate/Deciduous Forest • Tropical Rain Forest

  14. TERRESTRIAL BIOME QUALITIES • Earth’s curvature causes the sun’s rays to strike the equator more directly than the poles. • As you move from the equator to the poles, or vice versa, the climate changes.

  15. TERRESTRIAL BIOME QUALITIES • As latitude changes, climate changes. • Latitude and climate are abiotic factors that affect plant and animal life.

  16. TUNDRA • Closest to north and south poles • Treeless • Long summer days • Very short winter days

  17. TUNDRA • Temperature does not rise above freezing for long • Only very top layer of soil thaws in summer • Underneath top layer is PERMAFROST

  18. PLANTS OF TUNDRA • Shallow-rooted grasses • Dwarf shrubs • Lack of nutrients in soil and cold temperatures limit plant growth Arctic Willow Bearberry Caribou Moss

  19. ANIMALS OF TUNDRA • Large animals • Caribou • Reindeer • Small mammals • Lemmings • Weasels • Arctic foxes • Snowshoe hares Arctic Fox Weasel

  20. Snowy Owl ANIMALS OF TUNDRA • Birds • Snowy owls • Hawks • Insects (found during summer) • Mosquitoes • Blackflies

  21. TAIGA • South of tundra • Also called boreal or coniferous forest • Usually warmer and wetter than tundra • Long, severe winters • Short, mild summers • Topsoil is acidic and mineral poor • Many coniferous trees

  22. PLANTS OF TAIGA • Trees • Fir • Hemlock • Spruce • Birch • Aspen Spruce Tree

  23. ANIMALS OF TAIGA • Large mammals • Elk • Red deer • Moose • Small mammals • Weasels • Red squirrels • Voles • Migratory birds Vole Red Deer

  24. DESERT • Arid region with sparse plant life • Less than 25 cm of precipitation annually • Vegetation varies greatly with amount of rainfall

  25. DESERT PLANT LIFE • Areas with more rainfall produce shrubs and drought-resistant trees • Mesquite trees

  26. DESERT PLANT LIFE • Areas with less rainfall produce little to no plant life • Little rain: Creosote bush • No rain: Barren landscape, sand dunes Creosote Bush

  27. DESERT PLANT LIFE • Plants found in the desert possess adaptations to conserve water • Cactus: Thick, waxy coating Saguaro cactus

  28. DESERT ANIMAL LIFE Kangaroo Rat • Small mammals • Kangaroo rat • Most forage at night, staying underground during the day • Many carnivores • Coyotes • Hawks • Owls • Snakes • Lizards Coyote Rattlesnake

  29. GRASSLAND • Large communities with rich topsoil, grasses and small plants • Receive between 25 and 75 cm of rainfall annually

  30. GRASSLAND • Dry season with little rainfall discourages forest formation • Few trees are found near water sources • Higher biological diversity than deserts • Also known as savanna, prairie, steppes, etc.

  31. PLANT LIFE OF GRASSLAND • Dominated by grasses • Many wildflowers • Sunflowers, coneflowers • Some trees, near water sources • Ideal for growing of cereal grains • Oats • Rye • Wheat Cone Flowers

  32. ANIMAL LIFE OF GRASSLAND Bison • Grazing animals • Bison • Large mammals • Deer • Elk • Small mammals • Prairie dogs • Jack rabbits Elk Hare

  33. ANIMAL LIFE OF GRASSLAND • Insects • Birds • Reptiles Monarch larva Adult monarch

  34. TEMPERATE FOREST • Also known as deciduous forest • Precipitation ranges from 70-150 cm annually • Dominated by broad-leaved hardwood trees that lose their leaves annually. • Rich top layer of soil

  35. PLANTS OF TEMPERATE FOREST • Trees • Maple • Oak • Birch • Elm • Ash Oak Tree

  36. ANIMALS OF TEMPERATE FOREST • Deer • Squirrels • Mice • Rabbits • Bear • Birds • Blue jays Kodiak Brown Bear

  37. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST • 200 to 600 cm of annual rainfall • Warm temperatures • Wet weather • Lush plant growth Temperate Rain Forest Tropical Rain Forest

  38. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST • More species of organisms than any other biome • Average temperature = 77° F

  39. DIVISIONS OF RAIN FOREST • CANOPY-Living Roof • 25-45 meters high • Tree tops • Monkeys pass through canopy • Birds live on the fruits and nuts of the trees

  40. DIVISIONS OF RAIN FOREST • UNDERSTORY • Air is still, humid and dark • Vines grow • Ants harvest leaves and bring them to the ground • Plants include ferns, shrubs and dwarf palms • Birds, bats, insects, tree frogs, chameleons and snakes

  41. DIVISIONS OF RAIN FOREST • GROUND • Moist forest floor • Leaves and organic material decay quickly. • Great competition for nutrients • Rodents, jaguar, ants, termites, earthworms, bacteria, fungi present

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