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Three Chinese Philosophies

Three Chinese Philosophies. Confucianism, Daoism, & Legalism. The Zhou Dynasty. Overthrew the Shang Mandate of Heaven – divine right to rule China Increased stability through feudalism - king gave lords land - lords gave king soldiers if he was attacked

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Three Chinese Philosophies

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  1. Three Chinese Philosophies Confucianism, Daoism, & Legalism

  2. The Zhou Dynasty • Overthrew the Shang • Mandate of Heaven – divine right to rule China • Increased stability through feudalism - king gave lords land - lords gave king soldiers if he was attacked - lords had absolute power over peasants - peasants had lord’s protection but had to give lord portion of their crops

  3. Confucius

  4. Confucius • Given name = Kongfuzi (Kohng SHEE-oh) • Lived from 551 BC – 479 BC • Saw that society & government had to change if there was to be peace & order • Society worked well when people acted properly based upon roles & relationships

  5. Social Relationships • 5 fundamental social relationships - ruler & subject - husband & wife - father & son - older sibling & younger sibling - friend & friend • All people must respect & obey those above them – those with authority must set a good example • “Do not do unto others what you would not want done to you.”

  6. Influence of Confuciansim • Confucius thought that civil servants (those who work for gov.) should have the ability & wisdom to do their jobs well • Eventually civil servants would be hired on ability by taking exams

  7. Other Influences on Society • Respect for elders • Proper behavior • Love of scholarship

  8. Laozi

  9. The Founder of Daoism • Wise man of Daosim was Laozi • Said to be the author of Dao De Jin(The Classic of the Way and Its Power)

  10. Teachings of Daoism • Dao was force that gave order to universe • Daoism taught that people gained happiness & peace by living in harmony with nature • People followed way of nature by living simple lives of quiet meditation  do not strive to be self-important, accept what comes • Too many laws & social rules got in the way of living naturally & following Dao

  11. Yin Yang • Yin = shadowed • Yang = sunlit • Symbol for balancing opposing forces of nature

  12. Influence Of Daoism • Encouraged rulers to rule less harshly • Influenced Chinese thought, writing, & art

  13. Legalism • Based on teachings of Hanfeizi  like Confucius concerned with creating peace & stability in China • Legalists believed that people were naturally selfish • Not enough for rulers to set good examples

  14. Legalism – contin. • Establish strict laws - enforce them with rewards for good behavior & harsh punishments for bad behavior • Rulers should have absolute power backed by military • “He who trusts will be controlled by others.”

  15. Influence of Legalism • Hanfeizi’s writings had an immediate influence on the next line of Chinese rulers, the Qin dynasty • They wanted a strong central gov. & well organized society  to achieve these goals they adopted Legalist ideas

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