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Period I and II: to 600 CE: What are the key developments that define this period?

Period I and II: to 600 CE: What are the key developments that define this period?. TRADE evolves from simple barter system to long distance trade (Silk Roads, Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea trade). NEOLITHIC TRANSITION marks the shift from hunting/gathering to agriculture.

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Period I and II: to 600 CE: What are the key developments that define this period?

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  1. Period I and II: to 600 CE: What are the key developments that define this period? • TRADE evolves from simple barter system to long • distance trade (Silk Roads, Indian Ocean and • Mediterranean Sea trade). • NEOLITHIC TRANSITION marks the shift from • hunting/gathering to agriculture. 3. MORE FOOD = MORE PEOPLE: settled life leads to new gender roles and responsibilities, women lose status 4. MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS develop at this time: Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Christianity and Judaism. 5. SEDENTARY LIFE = complex political, economic and social organization, arts, architecture and literature and development of EMPIRES (Han, Roman, Gupta)

  2. Period 3: 600-1450 CE: What are the key developments that define this period? • TRADE (a continuity): tremendous growth in long distance trade: addition of Trans-Saharan trade route: Pax Mongolia • TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS: magnetic compass, ship-building technology, gunpowder, printing press, paper money 3. POPULATION MOVEMENT: cultural contact increased: Nomadic groups with settled peoples 4. ISLAM (with Christianity and Buddhism) preach equality of all believers: missionary efforts 5. CULTURAL IDENTITES SOLIDIFIED: Church/Christianity as unifying force in Western Europe, spread of Buddhism and Islam create a new cultural world (broad based), dar-al-Islam 6. POLITICAL: centralized empires (Byzantine, Arab Caliphates, Tang/Song, Aztec/Inca) vs. decentralizd (Japan, Europe)

  3. Period 4: 1450-1750 CE: What are the key developments that define this period? • GLOBALIZATION: trade becomes truly global with the inclusion of the Americas: The Columbian Exchange • POLITICAL CHANGE: improvements in navigation, business organization, adoption of weapons technology allow Europe to begin their dominance of the world 3. POLITICAL CHANGE: new forms of control emerge: monarchy, parlimentarism BUT empire still rules, land based empires grow strong (Spain, Portugal, British) (Qing, Mughal, Ottoman). Emergence of the nation-state. 4. SOCIAL: population increased after plague, secondary status of women continues, Americas develop new social structure based on race 5. RELIGIOUS CHANGE: separation of church and state in some parts of Europe, redefinition of the role of the church, redefinition of basic tenets of religion, syncretism, belief system serves as element of stability (China)

  4. Period 5: 1750-1900 CE: What are the key developments that define this period? 1. REVOLUTION, NATIONALISM, INDUSTRIALIZATION, IMPERIALISM and EMANCIPATION 2. Economic GLOBALIZATION: mechanization and industrialization, free enterprise, global interdependence, search for raw materials and establishment of colonies 3. POLITICAL CHANGE: becomes increasingly more centralized and sophisticated, NATION STATES, China and Japan are drawn into the world market 4. POLITICAL CHANGE: Revolutions around the world establish independence from colonial rule; seek greater representation of the people in government 5. SOCIAL CHANGE: industrialization changes everything: pace of life, structure of the family, emergence of the middle class, emancipation of slaves and women

  5. Period 6: 1900 to the Present….. • World War I, World War II: • the hegemony of western Europe was broken by 1945 • and replaced by competition between two SUPERPOWERS • COLD WAR ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 2. Nationalism replaces Empire Fascism, Decolonization, Racism, Genocide, Growth of International Organizations supplants political division of world into nation-states (early 21st century) • Revolutions Continue: • Political Revolutions favor democracy • Social Revolutions and social reform: changes in gender • roles, peasant protests, spread of Marxism, • Communism, Socialism, religious fundamentalism Russian Revolution1917 Chinese Revolution 1949 • Globalization: economic, technological, scientific, and cultural • Migration patterns (RESETTLEMENT)

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