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Toward an Organizational e-Readiness Model.

Toward an Organizational e-Readiness Model. By: Aqel M. Aqel. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. أقرأ باسم ربك الذي خلق خلق الإنسان من علق اقرأ وربك الأكرم الذي علم بالقلم علم الإنسان ما لم يعلم. 2. 1. 4. 3. 5. صدق الله العظيم. Lecture Brief.

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Toward an Organizational e-Readiness Model.

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  1. Toward an Organizationale-Readiness Model. By: Aqel M. Aqel

  2. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم أقرأ باسم ربك الذي خلق خلق الإنسان من علق اقرأ وربك الأكرم الذي علم بالقلم علم الإنسان ما لم يعلم 2 1 4 3 5 صدق الله العظيم

  3. Lecture Brief • Measuring Business Process Maturity while assessing organizational readiness for organizational e-transformation. • Illustrates a proposed comprehensive model for assessing organizational readiness including business process criteria in addition to other organizational e-readiness billers (strategy, info technology, IT Security and ability to change).

  4. Content • Introduction: • E-Transformation Concept (Technology Enabled Government / T-Government) • Importance Of E-Transformation • Need For Readiness Model • Towards A Unified Organizational Readiness Model: • Model Components (Includes Business Process Readiness) • Business Process Readiness Criteria (Illustration And How To Measure) • Inter-Agencies Processes • National Level Business Process Management Bureau (NBPMB) • Closure • Quick summary for our lecture • Conclusion (adopting national readiness model, and national level NBPMB)

  5. Part 1: Introduction • E-Transformation Concept: • Technology Enabled Government / T-Government • Importance Of E-Transformation • Need For Readiness Model

  6. E-Transformation: Opportunities and Barriers

  7. E-Transformation: Opportunities and Barriers • Total Dependency on IT • IT Impacts on Societies: • Politically • Economically • Socially • Service delivery • Managerial revolution is running parallel with IT revolution. • Information / Knowledge societies

  8. E-Transformation: Opportunities and Barriers • What is e-Transformation: • The processof transforming in to an innovative & effective IT-enabled organization is e-Transformation. • Transformation levels: • Government Agencies • Private Sector • Academic institutions • Persons and societies

  9. E-Transformation: Opportunities and barriers • Barriers • Infrastructural • Financial • Organizational • Legislative • Security • Others

  10. E-Readiness Concept

  11. e-Readiness Criteria Methods Audits Monitoring Initiatives Desired Situation Existing Situation Initiatives (projects) Opportunities Limitations Infrastructure Training Uncertainties e-Services Change Management Barriers E-Readiness Concept • Using e-Readiness to facilitate organizational transformation • Source: Aqel M. Aqal.

  12. E-Readiness Concept • e-Readiness is the generic capacity or aptitude of the public sector to useICT for encapsulating public services and deploying to the public high quality information (explicit knowledge) and effective communication tools that support human development« [WPSR,2003, page 135]. • Human Development • Provide Information • Generic • Capacity • Use Information Technology • Provide Service

  13. E-Readiness Concept • Human Development • E- Government initiatives classification (UN, 2003) • Wasteful • Pointless • Meaningful

  14. Levels Of e-Readiness

  15. E-Readiness Concept E-Readiness Levels • Global • Regional • National • Industries /Business Sectors • Organizational • Community • Personal • e-Readiness levels • Source: Aqel

  16. National e-Readiness billers • National e-Readiness • Telecom • Banking Sector • Academic • Business Sectors • Legal • Individuals and Society Figure 4.2: National e-Government Readiness Source: Author

  17. Organizational E-Readiness • Answering the Question: • What preparations management should provide to digital era. • Org. Readiness depends: • National e-gov model. • Organization Role in national e-trans. • Nature of relations with others. • General maturity technically and managerially.

  18. Importance of e-readiness model • Using an e-readiness model: • Will Help formulating strategic plans based on identified needs. • Justify projects and its dependencies • Upgrading to higher levels of maturity • Unify criteria to assess and compare readiness

  19. Importance of e-readiness model • E-readiness criteria depends on ideal organization characterized in “learning organization”. • "learning organizations continuously learns through its members individually and collectively to create a sustainable competitive advantage by effectively managing internally and externally generated change" [Sudharatna& Li, 2007].

  20. E-Readiness Concept Layers of readiness • Learning org. characteristics: • Cultural values • Leadership • Commitment and empowerment • Communication, knowledge transfer • Employee characteristics and performance upgrading

  21. Conclusion Organizational e-Readiness Model

  22. Organizational E-Readiness Model • Strategy Readiness • Business Process • IT Infrastructure • Org. Culture readiness (Ability to Change) • IT Security

  23. Organizational e-Readiness 1- Strategy

  24. Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • Strategic management and transformational leadership style are two key factors that contribute to the success of e-government initiatives [Wenbo, 2002]

  25. Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • Public agencies with considerable goal ambiguity tend to have a difficult time strategizing and implementing management innovations. Wechsler et. al. 1997

  26. Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • Strategy Readiness • Ability for strategic planning • Ability to strategic management • Organizational structure • Functions and services • Performance management • Informational Model

  27. Managed OR mechanism Used effectively in HR Identify relationships and authorities Covers all activities including ICT Communicated and recognized Organizational structure is documented Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • 1.1 Organizational Structure • "Organizational structure is the way in which the interrelated groups of an organization are constructed. The main concerns are effective communication and coordination" [wikipedia, 2007]

  28. Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • 1.2 Functions and services • What products and services we deliver in order to achieve our strategy. • What Departments are doing • What products and Services they are providing to: • Individuals • Small Businesses • Corporates • Other key stakeholders

  29. Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • 1.2 Functions and services • Evaluate functions and services • Are services satisfying and supporting business strategy • Clear responsibilities • Level of Automation • Integration with HR incentive System

  30. Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • 1.3 Performance management • Performance management is "a systematic, integrated management approach that links enterprise strategy to core processes and activities. By providing planning, budgeting, analysis and reporting capabilities, performance management allows the business to be "run by the numbers" and measurement to drive management decisions." [wikipedia, 2007] • Strategic planning can help in managing change through: linking agency strategies with performance measures". [Berry, 2007] • "Monitoring progress made toward achieving program goals requires systematic measurement. ICT has facilitated the processing of unprecedented amounts of program data more efficiently than ever before" [Newcomer, 2007].

  31. Organizational e-Readiness 1. Strategy • 1.4 Informational Model • "A high-level roadmap containing software, hardware, and other information technology requirements for health & secured environment managed information systems HSE-MIS" [HSE-MIS, 2001]. • It’s Part of organization strategy as all stakeholders need to exchange information. • Planning for information provision should be parallel with business strategy.

  32. Organizational e-Readiness 2-Business Process

  33. Organizational e-Readiness 2-Business Process • "collection of activities that takes one or more kinds of input and creates an output that is of value" [Credit research foundation, 2007], • "business process is a recipe for achieving a commercial result. Each business process has inputs, method and outputs. The inputs are a pre-requisite that must be in place before the method can be put into practice. When the method is applied to the inputs then certain outputs will be created" [wikipedia, 2007].

  34. Organizational e-Readiness 2- Business Process • Evaluation criteria • Documentation • Effectiveness • Performance Management • Automation

  35. Organizational e-Readiness 2- Business Process • 2.1 Documentation • Base for other criteria • Sanctions & decorees are not detailed BP documents • Organizations should realize and document its business processes in modern and structured way.

  36. Organizational e-Readiness 2- Business Process • 2.1 Documentation • Availability of a business process committee • Availability of updated documentation for all strategic processes • Accessibility to documentation for staff • Availability of Electronic workflow systems • Integration of BPD to human resources roles and responsibilities. • Integration of BPD to automated systems.

  37. Organizational e-Readiness 2-Business Process 2.2 Effectiveness • Clarity of process drivers, initiators, triggers and inputs. • Clarity of process roles and responsibilities in various stages • Clarity of process exceptions and predefined handlings • Clarity of process controls and related objectives • Clarity of process outputs in various stages • Mechanisms to monitor adherence to process qualities • level of support available at each stage

  38. Organizational e-Readiness 2-Business Process • 2.3 Performance Management • Aims at business process optimization and stakeholders' satisfaction. • will help agency monitor process effectiveness and find reasons and ways for enhancement. • BPP could be measured at process steps (tasks) level or at participant's level in order to quantify process performance analysis. • Organizations that have performance management in place are more ready to transform to learning org.

  39. Organizational e-Readiness 2-Business Process • 2.4 Automation • Two key criteria to be assessed • Number of automated steps • Ability to provide and exchange data electronically.

  40. Organizational e-Readiness 3-IT infrastructure and Management

  41. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • Infrastructure • DBMS • Applications • ICT Management • Technical skills Skills

  42. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • 3.1 Infrastructure • Aims at 24x7 Availability • Hardware • Communication Network • Intranet ، Internet ، Extranet • Capacity Management • ICT Facility • Power • ACs

  43. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • 3.2 DBMS • Depends on firm role at national / regional level • Firm need to have electronic information to share and exchange with stakeholders. • Data coding and classification • Minimal Redundancy • Data Dictionary • Data exchange protocols • compatibility • Licenses • Data security and backup

  44. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • 3.3 Applications • We mean Business applications (ready and tailor made) • Applications replaced ordinary paper based business processes • Applications contains business process and controls

  45. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • 3.4 Applications • Application functional maturity • Application maintainability • Application Integration ability • Application security

  46. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • 3.5 ICT Management • E-transformation requires a matured ICT management due to the expanding role of ICT. • Effectiveness • Efficiency • Confidentiality • Integrity • Availability • Reliability • Compliancy

  47. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • 3.5 ICT Management effectiveness: • Structure(Internal and external): • Level of authority and position in org. Authority and decision making • Internal structure • Segregation of Duties • Completeness of quality function • ICT processes effectiveness. • Policies and procedures • Documentation (job description) • Roles and responsibilities • Knowledge sharing and management • Information services maturity • Product service realization • Quality • Help disk and

  48. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • 3.5 ICT Management effectiveness: 3. Technical skills • many and vary according to the following factors: • Level of maturity of agency's ICT function. • Agency's e-government strategic plan. • The role of outsourcing versus in-house team members. • Available approaches for agency to gain new skills and capabilities.

  49. Organizational e-Readiness 3-ICT infrastructures and Management • ICT functions should develop capabilities in the following key skills: • Capable operations staff for systems and networks • Capable database administration. • Programming and software development methodologies • Business analysis and processes reengineering • Software engineering and integration • Security specialist • ICT Quality specialist • Project management skills

  50. Organizational e-Readiness 4-ability to change

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