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On Science Diplomacy - A

On Science Diplomacy - A. Rodney W. Nichols rod.nichols@verizon.net 20 Feb. 2014 . The Rockefeller University . 2/20/2014 A1. There is History Here. Thomas Jefferson

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On Science Diplomacy - A

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  1. On Science Diplomacy - A Rodney W. Nichols rod.nichols@verizon.net 20 Feb. 2014 The Rockefeller University 2/20/2014 A1

  2. There is History Here Thomas Jefferson The brotherly spirit of Science… unites into one family all it votaries of whatever grade, and however widely dispersed through the different quarters of the globe. James Madison If we are to be one nation in any respect, it clearly ought to be in respect to other nations. Coherent “Science Diplomacy” is not a new idea. Economic development, trade, banking, immigration, all relate to earlier American trends throughout 18th-20th centuries. 2/20/2014 A2

  3. Illustrations of Internationally Oriented Investigators at RIMR During the First Half of 20th Century • Max Theiler – yellow fever… Nobel Prize • Hideo Noguchi – field work in SA, Africa re Oroya Fever • Karl Landsteiner – blood groups • Peyton Rous – blood transfusion; cancer virus… Nobel Prize Source: George W. Corner, “A History of the Rockefeller Institute, 1901-1953: Origins and Growth,” The Rockefeller Institute Press, NYC, 1964 2/20/2014 A3

  4. Global Science is Mission of the Rockefeller “Here is an institution whose value touches the life of every man that lives….” Frederick T. Gates John D. Rockefeller, Sr’s Principal Advisor At the 10th Anniversary, 1914 “In New York, we have a very clear view of how rapidly the world is changing around us… In addition to competition, globalization offers opportunities for increased communications and cultural exchange in which science can lead the way.” Marc Tessier-Lavigne RU Strategic Plan, 2012-2020 June 2012 2/20/2014 A4

  5. Two General Perspectives • Diplomacy for Science: examples • Access to sites for research, e.g., geology for seismology • Approval for data collection, e.g., epidemiology • Pooling resources for facilities, e.g., CERN • Coordinating funds and projects for distributed programs, e.g., genome • Exchanges and immigration, e.g., conferences, education 2/20/2014 A5

  6. Two General Perspectives 2. Science in Diplomacy: examples • Arms control and verification • Weather observations • Fisheries monitoring • High tech exports • Economic development and cities • Anticipation and analysis of uncertainties 2/20/2014 A6

  7. Current Issus for Science in Diplomacy • Cyber: Russia, China US disagree on legal framework and norms • WMD: Iran, North Korea limits and inspections • Water: Shortages in North Africa, ME See: “Worldwide Threat Assessment,” congressional testimony, James R. Clapper, DNI, 29 Jan 2014 2/20/2014 A7

  8. The Mission House Foreign Affairs Committee in Title V of FY1979 Appropriations on “Science, Technology, and American Diplomacy” Congress found that: “….. the consequences of modern scientific and technological advances are of such major significance in United States foreign policy that understanding and appropriate knowledge of modern S.+ T. by officers and employees of the US government are essential in the conduct of modern diplomacy…..” 2/20/2014 A8

  9. President Obama: • State of the Union, 12 February 2013: “US will join with our allies to eradicate extreme poverty in the next two decades…. by saving the world’s children from preventable deaths; and by realizing the promise of an AIDS- free generation.” • Cairo, May 2009: “We’ll appoint new science envoys to collaborate (with Muslim- majority countries) on programs that develop new sources of energy, create green jobs, digitize records, clean water, grow new crops.” 2/20/2014 A9

  10. Secretary Clinton on FY13 Budget Request • Dept. of State and USAID request totals $51.6 billion “One of the Administration’s priorities is the Global Health Initiative… request is $7.9 billion [focus areas: create AIDS-free generation; reduce mortality rate for children under five by 4.8%; increase percent of births attended by skilled person by 1.8%; increase number of people no longer at risk for lymphatic filariasis by 75%] 2/20/2014 A10

  11. Illustrative Budgets for 2012-2013 • WHO ~ $4 billion • Gates Foundation ~ $2 billion (endowment ~$36B) • Wellcome Trust ~ $1 billion (endowment ~$22B) • HHMI ~ $1 billion (endowment ~$16B) • NIH Fogarty International Center ~ $70 million • NSF OISE ~ $50 million *Source: Laurie Garrett, CFR, Dec 2013 2/20/2014 A11

  12. World Health Organization(“top down”) • 7,000 – 8,000 staff in 150 offices - Africa - Eastern Mediterranean - Americas - Western Pacific - SE Asia - HQ in Geneva - Europe • $4 B budget $ Millions - CD’s 841 - NCD’S 318 - Systems/ Promotion 889 - Surveillance/ Response 287 - Corporate 684 • Priorities – many (too many?) - Development - Research/ Evidence - Health Security - Partnerships - Health Systems - Improve Efficiency compare the priority 2/20/2014 A12

  13. The Heights of “Top Down” G-8 set goal of doubling R+D funding and finding a cure for dementia by 2025. But within 12 years, could this happen: • all forms discovered? • targets for treatment? • “cures” imply reversal? • ethical and affordable clinical trials? • patent rights? including worldwide access? *Source: Laurie Garrett, CFR, DEC 2013 2/20/2014 A13

  14. Global Health 2035: A World Converging Within A Generation* • Economic Payoffs flow from Investments in Health • “Grand Convergence” in Health is Achievable by 2035 • Fiscal Policies are Powerful Lever re NCD’s • “Progressive Universalism” is Efficient Path N.B. : Little About Science and Technology *Source: Jamison, Summers; et al. Lancet, Vol.382, 7 Dec. 2013 2/20/2014 A14

  15. Ashoka – Innovators For The Public(“bottom up”) Illustrative Projects of Fellows in Health • India: Minal Loukar – Kavishwar * animal assisted psychotherapy • Japan: Takashi Kawazoe * low cost blood tests on sidewalk with nurses • Egypt: Magda Sami * Therapy for disabled children “Globalizer” initiative uses McKinsey consultants, and scientist and physicians globally, to help scale up, and transfer to new locations, successful projects. One goal is to change governmental policies and fundsnationally and regionally.Ashoka only accepts private support, embeds its work in civil society and places overriding emphasis on talented individuals. 2/20/2014 A15

  16. The revolution in communications, energy, environmental sciences and other aspects of science and technology has… imparted an importance to S+T considerations in foreign affairs undreamed of a generation ago. George Shultz Cable to all posts May 1984 2/20/2014 A16

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