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Right Side: I have developed a way to make bottled water that I guarantee will be chemical free . Typically already, bottled water costs about $3/gallon. You need to determine how much I should charge for Dr. Joe’s Chemical Free Water. Left Side:

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Group Tasks

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  1. Right Side: I have developed a way to make bottled water that I guarantee will be chemical free. Typically already, bottled water costs about $3/gallon. You need to determine how much I should charge for Dr. Joe’s Chemical Free Water. Left Side: Recently, a disturbing report was issued on the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. The biggest concern in the report was that this chemical had been detected in a number of areas (like the air we breathe and different places in our homes). You need to determine what you would do to protect yourself from this chemical. (http://www.dhmo.org) http://www.dhmo.org Group Tasks

  2. What’s the deal? • In the first case, we’re assuming water is not a chemical. • In the second case, we’re being told it is a dangerous chemical. • I ask you then, what is a chemical? Are all chemicals “bad” or harmful? • Many people assume chemicals are bad

  3. What is Chemistry? • Study of matter and its changes. • Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • WOAH!! Isn’t that nearly everything? • So chemistry plays a role in your everyday life, more than you probably know!

  4. Balloons • Why the differences? • Because it’s different stuff in there, right? • Yes, but, that’s not enough of an answer in science! We want to know why those particular “things or chemicals” did those different things.

  5. Macroscopic vs Nanoscale • What we saw happen we say occurred on a macroscopic level • To really understand why it happened, we need to look at a level we can’t see with our naked eyes…a microscopic level • Actually, we need to look at the behavior of atoms and molecules…this is called the nanoscale level • Much of what we’ll do in here is attempt to explain what we see at a macroscopic level in terms of the nanoscale!!!

  6. Properties of Matter • Physical • Color • Mass • Volume • State (solid, liquid, gas) During a physical change, the fundamental particles are not changed • Chemical • it reacts with acid • it does not react with air During a chemical change, the fundamental particles are changed

  7. Density • Amount of mass filling a volume • Density = mass/volume • Constant for a material (at a given Temp)

  8. 1 mL 0.80 g Using Density • At a certain temperature, ethanol has a density of 0.80 g/mL. If I needed 150 g of ethanol, what volume of ethanol would I need to measure out? 150 g = 187.5 mL

  9. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1. All matter is composed of indivisible atoms. 2. An element is a type of matter composed of only 1 type of atom. 3. A compound is a type of matter composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions. 4. A chemical reaction is simply a rearrangement of the atoms present to give new chemical combinations.

  10. A physical change is a change that does not alter the identity of the matter. • A chemical change is a change that does alter the identity of the matter. • A compound is a pure substance that can be decomposed by a chemical change into simpler substances • An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken down into anything simpler by either physical or chemical means.

  11. Chemical Change: Sugar is a compound that can be easily decomposed to simpler substances by heating. One of the simpler substances is the black element carbon, which cannot be further decomposed by chemical or physical means.

  12. Ice Water Steam • Physical Change: (H2O) As a solid, liquid, or gas still has only H2O water molecules present. The “H” and “O” are not broken apart going from ice, water, to steam. Only the energy per individual H2O molecules changes.

  13. Atom

  14. Identifying an Atom • Atoms of a particular element will all have same number of protons • Z = atomic number • A = atomic mass number • Write Nuclide Symbols to Identify Atom

  15. An atom that has the same number of neutrons as is Nuclide Symbols • Write the nuclide symbol for an atom with mass number 15 and 8 neutrons.

  16. Atomic Mass 1 Atomic Mass Unit = A.M.U. = amu 1 amu = mass of the proton = mass of the neutron The Periodic Chart lists atomic mass underneath the atomic symbol

  17. The Mole number of atoms needed to have atomic mass in grams 6.02 x 1023

  18. Using the Mole • The link between macroscopic grams and nanoscale number of particles! • If I had 0.750 mol of Pb, • How many grams of Pb must I have? • How many atoms of Pb must I have?

  19. The Periodic Table “Periodic Trends”

  20. The Real Periodic Table

  21. The Periodic Table • Rows are periods • Columns are groups • “sections” Main Group Transition Inner Transition Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

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