Ideas and Opportunities: Who Starts Programs and Where Do Ideas Come From?

1. Lecture 2 Chapter 2: Ideas and Opportunities http://www.dollyparton.com/

2. Agenda • Who starts & runs programs? • Where do ideas come from (invent or adapt)? • How do we know a good idea when we see one?

3. Agenda • Who starts & runs programs? • Where do ideas come from (invent or adapt)? • How do we know a good idea when we see one?

4. First some Context: Who Runs Programs? How many examples of each of the following entities can you name? • Government • Nonprofits • Social Entrepreneurs

5. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs Types of Government Includes: • school districts • Police departments http://www.metronetiq.com/archives/2007/11/

6. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs What is a nonprofit?

7. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs What is the Nonprofit Sector? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0myNj8BHt_4

8. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs What is a non-profit? • The U.S. Tax Code distinguishes between 28 categories of tax-exempt organizations under Section 501(c) of the 1986 tax code. • under Sections 501(c)(3), organizations that are dedicated specifically to “public charitable” purposes • according to Section 501(c) of Title 26 of the U.S. Tax Code, they are exempt from federal income tax • there are approximately 1.4 million nonprofit organizations (recognized by the Internal Revenue Service), Carman, Fredericks, & Introcaso (2008:7)

9. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs What is Charitable? • According to the IRS, the term charitable refers to efforts relating to the “relief of the poor, the distressed, or the underprivileged; advancement of religion; advancement of education or science; erecting or maintaining public buildings, monuments, or works; lessening the burdens of government; lessening neighborhood tensions; eliminating prejudice and discrimination; defending human and civil rights secured by law; and combating community deterioration and juvenile delinquency” (Internal Revenue Service, 2007, p. 4). Carman, Fredericks, & Introcaso (2008:7)

10. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs Source: PerformWell Webinar “Reframing the Human Services to Gain Public Support for Effective Programs” The National Human Services Assembly, the American Public Human Services Association (APHSA), The Frameworks Institute. 1/15/2015 https://cc.readytalk.com/r/l4v62hsm12k1&eom

11. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs What makes a non-profit distinct? According to Salamon (1999), nonprofit organizations in the United States have six distinguishing characteristics, in being: 1. Institutional in form (as opposed to being ad hoc, informal, or temporary), legally recognized, and incorporated 2. Private organizations, and separate from government 3. Not profit-distributing, meaning that all profits must be reinvested into the mission of the organization (as opposed to being distributed to the owners of the organization) 4. Self-governing, and not controlled by outside entities 5. Voluntary in nature, relying on volunteers in the staffing, activities, or governance of the organization 6. In existence to deliver a public service or benefit (pp. 10–11) Carman, Fredericks, & Introcaso (2008:6)

12. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs The State of Human Services field Source: PerformWell Webinar “Reframing the Human Services to Gain Public Support for Effective Programs” The National Human Services Assembly, the American Public Human Services Association (APHSA), The Frameworks Institute. 1/15/2015 https://cc.readytalk.com/r/l4v62hsm12k1&eom

13. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs Number of nonprofits has increased

14. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs Figure 1.2 Social Venture Growth 1996 - 2004

15. Number. From 2002 to 2012, the number of nonprofit organizations registered with the IRS rose from 1.32 million to 1.44 million, an increase of 8.6 percent. The Nonprofit Sector in Brief: Public Charities, Giving and Volunteering, 2014 http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/413277-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief--.PDF

16. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs An estimated 2.3 million nonprofit organizations operated in the United States in 2010. Some 1.6 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), an increase of 24 percent from 2000. Of these, only 40 percent (about 618,000) were required to file a financial return with the IRS because they collected more than $50,000 in gross receipts in 2010. http://www.urban.org/publications/901542.html

17. Overall Jobs in the Economy Approx 30% http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_201.htm

18. Government NonProfits Social Entrepreneurs Charitable Businesses http://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml http://www.cnycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=777304#.UugAX_tOksY http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/12/bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation The Microsoft co-founder, now a full-time philanthropist, talks about pressing problems like health care in the developing world and the U.S. education system — “important” problems http://annachromy.com/chromys/44 http://www.syracuse.com/today/index.ssf/2008/07/board_gags_on_mcdonald_house_p.html

19. http://creativesource.com.ph/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/social-entrep-model.pnghttp://creativesource.com.ph/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/social-entrep-model.png

20. Agenda • Who starts & runs programs? • Where do ideas come from (opportunity and response)? • How do we know a good idea when we see one?

21. To solve social problems…but what is that?

22. Problems come from personal experience Are these social problems? Why or why not?

23. http://www.quickmeme.com/First-World-Problems/ Not all problems are social problems

24. Figure 2.1 The process of opportunity recognition 2 key components -ideas -opportunities or need

25. Figure 2.2 The acquisition and utilization of information for socially-entrepreneurial ideas Previous course work Internship http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=NugRZGDbPFU People You know in the Field Video: (4 min) Chance Favors the Connected Mind: Where Good ideas come from

26. Needs Assessment

27. Figure 2.4 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and examples of social entrepreneurship potential Needs Solutions

28. A 'need' is: A gap between what is and what should be. (York 2008, 56) The most accurate measurement of unmet needs for human services is a waiting list (York 2009, page 57). Community need – needs assessment http://dev.bfcha.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/mapp.jpg

29. Needs Assessment p30 • Brainstorming • Focus Groups • Surveys http://www.ginaabudi.com/conducting-effective-needs-assessments-data-gathering-part-i/ http://www.giveusabuzz.com/about_us/Needs+Assessment https://www.waverlyhealthcenter.org/about_us/community_needs_assessment.aspx

30. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ogp7eICp4FQ/TKK_CaruC4I/AAAAAAAAAdU/qzquw6-Qv6g/s72-c/community+diagnosis.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ogp7eICp4FQ/TKK_CaruC4I/AAAAAAAAAdU/qzquw6-Qv6g/s72-c/community+diagnosis.jpg http://www.extension.iastate.edu/communities/assess

31. Community Need Can Include the Following: • Huge or growing problem • Huge community need like poverty • Increasing STDs • Expands the Number of people served • large disparity • Racial disparity in ability to get home loans • Unemployment differences by age • opportunity cost of missing out on an opportunity and • Builds on previous investment in the community by us or others • Leverages other resources • Builds the capacity of the organization • community demand • Large waiting list • Community discernment or collectively voiced concerns http://dev.bfcha.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/mapp.jpg

32. Finding local stats (existing data approach): http://censusreporter.org/ www.cnyvitals.org

33. Activity • sketch and share in small groups an example of a chart of each for your program • Will gather in cross org group's and will pick which is most compelling • Will share most compelling

34. Opportunities Arise From • Technological Change • Public Policy Changes • Changes in Public Opinion • Changes in Tastes • Social & Demographic Changes • Take note from Tiny Homes video: • It is OK to take on a challenge along- Like Andrew Does But also… • You don’t have to be the 1st one, sometimes it is just as important to be a follower Video: 2:57 https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fW8amMCVAJQ Source: PerformWell Webinar “Reframing the Human Services to Gain Public Support for Effective Programs” The National Human Services Assembly, the American Public Human Services Association (APHSA), The Frameworks Institute. 1/15/2015 https://cc.readytalk.com/r/l4v62hsm12k1&eom

35. Agenda • Who starts & runs programs? • Where do ideas come from (invent or adapt)? • How do we know a good idea when we see one?

36. Where do we look to find need?

37. Which quadrant do these products of brainstorming fall into? You be the focus group. p.30 talks about Brainstorming (for supply) and Focus Groups (for Demand) p.24 An opportunity occurs when there is both Supply And Demand.

38. Table 2.1 The relationship between social entrepreneurship ideas and opportunities

39. http://www.oddee.com/item_97111.aspx

43. The point is: ….but without data and literature we are unable to tell if there is an opportunity. We may be able to identify new ideas on our own… The DATA ~ show there is a problem The LITERATURE ~ convinces us what actions we might take to solve the problem

44. 2 parts to your project • The needs data (see previous discussion) • The Theory (Story behind the curve)- Based on Literature

45. Where do we find literature? To develop a logical solution to that need.

50. Inventing or Adapting and Existing Program for your Final Project • Lists of sample programs: • Results First Clearinghouse Download http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2014/09/results-first-clearinghouse-database • Promising Practices Network  • http://www.promisingpractices.net/programs_topic.asp