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SERBIA

SERBIA. Country Profile. Ethnic affiliations of population of Serbia ,2002 Serbs 82.9 Hungarians 3.9 Bosniaks 1.9 Roma 1.4 Croats 0.9 Albenians 0.8

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SERBIA

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  1. SERBIA

  2. Country Profile • Ethnic affiliations of population of Serbia ,2002 • Serbs 82.9 • Hungarians 3.9 • Bosniaks 1.9 • Roma 1.4 • Croats 0.9 • Albenians 0.8 • Slovaks 0.8 • Vlachs 0.5 • Romanians 0.5 • Bulgarians 0.3 • Others 6.1

  3. Who are the Serbs ? • Descendants of illiterate , pagan and agricultural Slavs who first settled on the territories of latter-day Serbia. • The Byzantine Empire • The Ottoman Empire • Balkan War • First World War

  4. The Formation of the Yugoslav State • Triune Kingdom of Serbs , Croats , Slovens, (1918) – headed by Nikola Pasic. • Serbian domination • King Alexander – the country officially renamed : “ The Kingdom of Yugoslavia “ in 1929.

  5. Resistance and Civil War • Germany ‘s and Italy ‘s invasions on Yugoslavia. • 2 resistance movements : • 1- Draza Michailovic • 2- Tito

  6. Serbia in the Communist-ruled Yugoslav Federation • Federal system within which power devolved to 6 constituent republics : • 1. Crotia • 2. Slovenia • 3. Montenegro • 4. Macedonia • 5. Bosnia- Herzogouina • 6. Serbia • Kosovo & Vojvodina

  7. The landmarks of the reassertation of Serbian nationalism were : • The forced resignation of Alexander Rankovic in 1966 • The major explosion of Kosovar Albenian discontent in 1968 and the greatly increased autonomy which Tito granted to Kosovo in responce • The expulsion of the Serbian nationalist writer Dobrica Cosic from the League of Communists in 1968.

  8. Kosova : the ‘ lauchpad ‘ for Slobodan Milosevic, 1987-90 • “This is your country , these are your houses , your fields and gardens , your memories .”

  9. Serbia under Milosevic : 1990s • Serbian Leaugue of Communists (LCS) merged with its’ front organisation , the Socialist Alliance of the Working People of Serbia and result is Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) • The Serbian Movement of Renewal • The Democratic Party • The Alliance of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia

  10. The first multi-candidate Serbian presidental election, 9 December 1990 • The emergence of the “DEPOS” opposition alliance , early 1992

  11. Formation of a (rump) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, April- May 1992 • Leaders of SPS and of Montenogro’s ruling Democratic Party of Socialists agreed to launch a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). • UN sanctions against FRY

  12. The federal government headed by Milan Panic , July to December • Serbian presidental elections, 20 december 1992 • Elections to the Skupstina ,20 December 1992 tablo • Elections to the lower house of the federal parliament , 20 December 1992 • Serbian local elections , 20 December 1992

  13. The aftermath of the December 1992 elections • Federal Prime Minister Milan Panic • Dobrica Cosic • Demonstrations • Economy in Yugoslavia • Dragoslav Avramovic

  14. Milosevic’s volte-face on Krajina and Bosnia • Western powers • Serbian public • Demographic reasons

  15. The Dayton accords of 21 November 1995 • Bosnia and Herzogovinia was to be preserved as a single state within its present borders and with international recognition. • It was to be divided into two seperate and largely autonomous territorial entities… • There was to be an effective all-Bosnia central government , including a parliament , a three –member presidency , a constitutional court and single central bank.

  16. Refugees were to be allowed and encouraged to return to their old homes. • Individuals charged with war crimes would be banned from participation in political and military life, and Bosnia , Crotia and the FRY would cooperate fully in the investigation and prosecution of war crimes .

  17. Elections to the federal parliament,3 November 1996 • The municipal elections held in serbia on 3 and 17 November 1996 and Serbia ‘s subsequent ‘winter of discontent ‘ • Serbia after its winter of discontent • The Serbian economy after Dayton , 1996-9

  18. Elections to the 250 – seat Skupstina , 21 September 1997 • The Four round presidental elections • Aftermath of the September 1997 elections • The purges conducted by Milosevic , 28 October to November 1998 ,such as Jovica Stanisic , Milorad Vucelic , General Momlico Perisic etc…

  19. The Kosovo war , Mach to June 1999

  20. The political aftermath of the Kosovo war , june 1999 to August 1999 On july 2000 the federal parliament approved constitutional changes : 1- Provided for the direct election of the Yugoslav federal president and the upper house of parliament 2- Allowed two four-year terms for the president 3-Raised the threshold for impeachment

  21. Endgame:mounting opposition to Milosevic , August to October , and the rise of Vojislav Kostunica • Kostunica and DSS • USA and EU affect on elections • The federal parlimentary election • The federal presidential election

  22. Serbia’s “ October Revolution” 5 October 2000 • “President Kostunica”,7 October 2000 • EU &USA • Power-sharing until new elections were held there on 24 December . • FRY to Serbia- Montenegro • Montenegro’s wishes • Bosnia • Russia • The USA , the UK , France and Germany

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