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POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

(Independent) Country, or State . The basic political unit of the contemporary worldA self-contained entity with established bordersWithin its borders, a country has sovereigntyPowers: taxation, defense, negotiate with other countries, legal system, welfare of citizens . Nation . an

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POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

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    1. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY

    2. (Independent) Country, or State The basic political unit of the contemporary world A self-contained entity with established borders Within its borders, a country has sovereignty Powers: taxation, defense, negotiate with other countries, legal system, welfare of citizens

    3. Nation an “imagined community” of people who share cultural elements – language, religion, tradition, etc – and identify with with a specific area of land

    4. Nation-state A relatively homogeneous cultural group with its own political territory

    5. NATION WITHOUT A STATE

    6. – Multinational state – states containing different cultualr and ethnic groups Micronationalism – group identity with the goal of self-rule within an existing nation state

    7. Centrifugal forces – cultural and political forces acting to weaken an existing state Centripetal forces – forces that promote political unity and reinforce the state structure Examples?

    8. State Boundaries A state’s territory is demarcated by borders recognized by a large number of other states Physical feature boundaries – rivers, mountain ridges, etc. Ethnographic boundaries – follow cultural traits such as ethnicity or religion Geometric boundaries – straight lines drawn without regard for physical or cultural features

    10. CHANGES IN WORLD POLITICAL SYSTEM

    11. Colonialism The formal establishment of governmental rule over a foreign population 1500’s through mid 20th centuries – spread of European colonialism

    12. Early 20th century The apex of European colonial expansion The age of “empires”

    14. Mid to late 20th century The “Cold War” – the period when communist countries competed with western countries for world domination 1st world, 2nd world, 3rd world

    15. Decolonization The process of a colony gaining (or regaining) control over its territory and establishing a separate, independent government

    16. Neo-colonialism Relations of dependency and exploitation continue in the economic realm, even after independence is gained

    17. 1990’s - present Decline of Cold War, breakup of Soviet Union U.S. the sole military and political superpower Difficulties of international governance Regional alliances such as the European Union Global terrorism presents challenges to international political system

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