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THE CIVIL WAR

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THE CIVIL WAR

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    1. THE CIVIL WAR The Union Dissolves Chapter 11 Section 1

    2. Crittenden Compromise As a last ditch compromise, Sen. Crittenden proposed drawing the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific. Lincoln rejected this since it would expand slavery

    3. Confederate States The South was excited about forming their new country They held rallies and shot off fireworks.

    4. Secession

    5. Southern Secession Lincoln believed that it was illegal to secede from the Union If a state had to apply for admittance, he thought states should also have to ask for permission to leave.

    6. Fort Sumter Located at the mouth of the Charleston harbor, the South wanted to keep this strategic fort Lincoln would not allow the South to take federal property

    7. Fort Sumter When the fort ran low of supplies, Lincoln alerted the SC governor that unarmed supply ships would be entering the port Confederate soldiers fired upon the fort for 34 hours.

    8. Fort Sumter Union Major Anderson surrendered on April 14, 1861 Lincoln asked the Union states to provide troops They were asked to enlist for just 3 months

    9. Choosing Sides Southern states that had not yet seceded had to decide what to do Virginia actually split in two Once war broke out, many men had to decide for which cause to fight Families separated over the war

    10. Advantages/Disadvantages 9+ million incl 3.5 million slaves Few factories 9,000 miles of track Trained leaders Little money Fighting on own land Defensive war 22 million people 85% manufacturing 22,000 miles of track Lacked generals Many resources Supplies carried into enemy territory

    11. Advantages/Disadvantages Pig iron in VA only 110,000 workers 1,800 factories Few firearms 20 X’s more pig iron 1,300,000 workers 110,000 factories 32 X’s firearms

    12. Resources of the North and South

    13. Robert E. Lee Perhaps the biggest southern advantage was Gen. Robert E. Lee Asked by Lincoln to lead the Union Army, Lee refused to “turn his back on his home, Virginia”

    14. Filling the Ranks At the beginning of the war in 1861, the Northern Army more than twice as large as the Southern Army Men had to pledge that they were over the age of 18 to fight, but boys as young as 9 acted as drummer boys

    15. Filling the Ranks The South enacted legislation to prevent large landowners from leaving their plantations (and slaves) to fight. This left most of the ranks filled with poor farmers.

    16. Strategies The South took their cue from the success of the American Revolution and chose to fight a defensive war, wearing the North down until they gave up.

    17. Strategies The North had a 3 pronged approach called the Anaconda Plan: Block southern ports to all imports/exports Control the Mississippi River splitting the confederacy in two Take Richmond, the confederate capital

    18. Anaconda Plan

    19. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Most Civil War battles are called by 2 different names The North named the battle after the nearest river The South named the battle after the nearest town The first battle of the war was near the town of Manassas and Bull Run River

    20. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas The North (in blue) and South (in grey) met on a clearing in northern Virginia Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson routed the Yankee army, causing them to run in fear They trampled picnickers who had gathered to watch the battle.

    21. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Northern troops, according to legend, commented that Gen. Jackson sat upon his horse like a ‘stone wall” The nickname stuck The southern victory assured the South that this would be a quick war fought against inferior troops They were wrong on both accounts

    22. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas The first civilian casualty occurred at Bull Run. Judith Henry, was killed by a cannon ball as she laid in bed

    23. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Wilmer McClean’s home was on the battlefield at Bull Run He wanted to get away from the warfare and moved to a small town in southern Virginia, Appomattox Court House

    24. Union Leadership Lincoln chose Irwin McDowell to lead the Union’s Army of the Potomac. He was replaced 3 days after his defeat at Bull Run with Gen. George McClellan

    25. Union Leadership McClellan meets Gen, R. E. Lee at the Peninsular Campaign His was nicknamed “the Creeper” because he was so hesitant to attack, always fearing he was out-numbered

    26. Union Leadership After 5 months of fighting, McClellan withdrew even though he out-numbered and out-powered the confederate army One of his men found Lee’s plans wrapped around some cigars. He had the plans for the next battle at Antietam Creek

    27. Antietam Creek Even with the plans, McClellan’s hesitancy costs him the battle He could never break through Confederate lines It was the bloodiest single day of the Civil war with about 22,000 dead and wounded.

    28. Victory in the West While the North was losing badly in the east, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was winning decisive victories along the Mississippi River. After the battle at Ft. Henry he earned the nickname of Unconditional Surrender because he refused to speak of terms of surrender with the South

    29. Shiloh/Pittsburg Landing The South surprised Union troops at Shiloh on April 6, 1862 Their rebel yell was eerie As they ran in retreat, they met Union reinforcements Under Gen. Grant, they regrouped It ended in a draw with almost 25,000 casualties in the 2 day battle.

    30. Admiral Farragut As part of the Anaconda Plan, Gen. Farragut took the navy up the mouth of the Mississippi River He took New Orleans and Baton Rouge, cutting the Confederacy in half.

    32. Filling the Ranks The North allowed Blacks to enlist but did not allow them to fight By 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation, pressure was on to allow Black units to train and fight. They were killed in greater numbers and paid less for their efforts

    33. Filling the Ranks Wealthy people, in both North and South, could pay a substitute to take their place in the Army. Conscription, forced service, was first used in the South. The North began conscription in 1862

    36. Filling the Ranks Slaves could not help the southern army fight but were used for manual labor. The Civil War was called, “a rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight.”

    37. Filling the Ranks Conscription was so resisted in the North, riots broke out It became especially violent after the Emancipation Proclamation.

    38. Filling the Ranks Desertion was a common problem on both sides, with over 300,000 soldiers leaving their troops Because states offered a signing bonus, many men enlisted, deserted, enlisted someplace else, deserted,…

    39. Filling the Ranks By the end of the war, the South was so short of men they openly enlisted young boys.

    40. Filling the Ranks Women could not openly enlist but some disguised themselves as men and fought the entire war. Others became spies, nurses, and cooks

    41. Filling the Ranks Elizabeth Blackwell, America’s first female physician, helped run the US Sanitary Commission Clara Barton tended to the wounded and founded the American Red Cross.

    42. Filling the Ranks Although hundreds of men and women tended to the sick and injured, more soldiers died from illness and infection than of battle wounds.

    43. Filling the Ranks More often, women took over men’s civilian jobs while they were gone to war.

    44. Generals of the Army of the Potomac Irwin McDowell 1861 George McClellan 1861 John Pope 1861 George McClellan 1862 Ambrose Burnside 1862 Ulysses S. Grant 1863-1865

    45. The Civil War Politics of War Chapter 11 Section 2

    46. Britain’s Neutrality

    47. Britain’s Neutrality

    48. Trent Affair

    49. Trent Affair

    50. Emancipation

    51. Emancipation

    52. British cotton consumption increased but they did not rely on the South for production

    53. Emancipation

    54. Emancipation Reaction

    55. Emancipation Reaction

    56. Lincoln Takes Charge

    57. Lincoln Takes Charge

    58. Copperheads

    59. Conscription

    60. Conscription

    61. Conscription

    62. Conscription

    63. As 1862 Ends…

    64. The Civil War Chapter 11 Section 3 Life During Wartime

    65. Mary Chesnut

    66. Black Troops

    67. Black Troops

    68. Black Troops

    69. Black Troops

    70. Fort Pillow

    71. Fort Pillow

    72. Slave Resistance

    73. War Affects the Economy

    74. War Affects the Economy

    75. Why Printing Money is Bad

    76. Shortages of Everything

    77. Northern Economy

    78. Women in the Workplace

    79. Soldiers Suffer

    80. Medical Care

    81. Medical Care

    82. Medical Care

    83. Medical Care

    84. Medical Care

    85. Medical Care

    86. Medical Care

    87. Prisoners

    88. Prison Camps

    89. Prison Camps

    90. Andersonville Prison, GA

    91. Andersonville Prison, GA

    92. Andersonville Prison, GA

    93. Andersonville Prison

    94. Andersonville Prison

    95. Andersonville Prison

    96. The Civil War Chapter 11 Section 4 The North Takes Charge

    97. 1863

    98. Chancellorsville

    99. The Civil War Chapter 11 Section 5 The Legacy of War

    100. The War Ends

    101. Political Changes

    102. Political Changes

    103. Economic Changes

    104. Economic Changes

    105. Economic Changes

    106. Economic Changes

    107. Economic Changes

    108. Economic Changes

    109. Societal Changes

    110. Societal Changes

    111. Societal Changes

    112. Lincoln Assassinated

    113. Lincoln Assassinated

    114. John Wilkes Booth

    115. Andrew Johnson

    116. Comparisons

    117. Comparisons

    118. Comparisons

    119. Comparisons

    120. Comparisons

    121. Comparisons

    122. Comparisons

    123. Chancellorsville

    124. Gettysburg

    125. Gettysburg

    126. Gettysburg

    127. Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863

    128. Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863

    129. Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863

    130. Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863

    131. Siege of Vicksburg 1863

    132. Siege of Vicksburg 1863

    133. Siege of Vicksburg 1863

    134. Conditions in the South, 1863

    135. Conditions in the South, 1863

    136. Ulysses S. Grant

    137. Ulysses S. Grant

    138. Gen. Sherman

    139. Grant v. Lee

    140. Sherman’s March to the Sea

    141. Sherman’s March to the Sea

    142. Election 1864

    143. Election 1864

    144. Election 1864

    145. Election 1864

    147. Appomattox Court House

    148. Fall of Richmond

    149. Appomattox Court House

    150. Appomattox Court House

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