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1. THE CIVIL WAR The Union Dissolves
Chapter 11
Section 1
2. Crittenden Compromise As a last ditch compromise, Sen. Crittenden proposed drawing the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific.
Lincoln rejected this since it would expand slavery
3. Confederate States The South was excited about forming their new country
They held rallies and shot off fireworks.
4. Secession
5. Southern Secession Lincoln believed that it was illegal to secede from the Union
If a state had to apply for admittance, he thought states should also have to ask for permission to leave.
6. Fort Sumter Located at the mouth of the Charleston harbor, the South wanted to keep this strategic fort
Lincoln would not allow the South to take federal property
7. Fort Sumter When the fort ran low of supplies, Lincoln alerted the SC governor that unarmed supply ships would be entering the port
Confederate soldiers fired upon the fort for 34 hours.
8. Fort Sumter Union Major Anderson surrendered on April 14, 1861
Lincoln asked the Union states to provide troops
They were asked to enlist for just 3 months
9. Choosing Sides Southern states that had not yet seceded had to decide what to do
Virginia actually split in two
Once war broke out, many men had to decide for which cause to fight
Families separated over the war
10. Advantages/Disadvantages 9+ million incl 3.5 million slaves
Few factories
9,000 miles of track
Trained leaders
Little money
Fighting on own land
Defensive war 22 million people
85% manufacturing
22,000 miles of track
Lacked generals
Many resources
Supplies carried into enemy territory
11. Advantages/Disadvantages Pig iron in VA only
110,000 workers
1,800 factories
Few firearms
20 X’s more pig iron
1,300,000 workers
110,000 factories
32 X’s firearms
12. Resources of the North and South
13. Robert E. Lee Perhaps the biggest southern advantage was Gen. Robert E. Lee
Asked by Lincoln to lead the Union Army, Lee refused to “turn his back on his home, Virginia”
14. Filling the Ranks At the beginning of the war in 1861, the Northern Army more than twice as large as the Southern Army
Men had to pledge that they were over the age of 18 to fight, but boys as young as 9 acted as drummer boys
15. Filling the Ranks The South enacted legislation to prevent large landowners from leaving their plantations (and slaves) to fight.
This left most of the ranks filled with poor farmers.
16. Strategies The South took their cue from the success of the American Revolution and chose to fight a defensive war, wearing the North down until they gave up.
17. Strategies The North had a 3 pronged approach called the Anaconda Plan:
Block southern ports to all imports/exports
Control the Mississippi River splitting the confederacy in two
Take Richmond, the confederate capital
18. Anaconda Plan
19. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Most Civil War battles are called by 2 different names
The North named the battle after the nearest river
The South named the battle after the nearest town
The first battle of the war was near the town of Manassas and Bull Run River
20. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas The North (in blue) and South (in grey) met on a clearing in northern Virginia
Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson routed the Yankee army, causing them to run in fear
They trampled picnickers who had gathered to watch the battle.
21. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Northern troops, according to legend, commented that Gen. Jackson sat upon his horse like a ‘stone wall”
The nickname stuck
The southern victory assured the South that this would be a quick war fought against inferior troops
They were wrong on both accounts
22. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas The first civilian casualty occurred at Bull Run.
Judith Henry, was killed by a cannon ball as she laid in bed
23. 1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Wilmer McClean’s home was on the battlefield at Bull Run
He wanted to get away from the warfare and moved to a small town in southern Virginia, Appomattox Court House
24. Union Leadership Lincoln chose Irwin McDowell to lead the Union’s Army of the Potomac.
He was replaced 3 days after his defeat at Bull Run with Gen. George McClellan
25. Union Leadership McClellan meets Gen, R. E. Lee at the Peninsular Campaign
His was nicknamed “the Creeper” because he was so hesitant to attack, always fearing he was out-numbered
26. Union Leadership After 5 months of fighting, McClellan withdrew even though he out-numbered and out-powered the confederate army
One of his men found Lee’s plans wrapped around some cigars.
He had the plans for the next battle at Antietam Creek
27. Antietam Creek Even with the plans, McClellan’s hesitancy costs him the battle
He could never break through Confederate lines
It was the bloodiest single day of the Civil war with about 22,000 dead and wounded.
28. Victory in the West While the North was losing badly in the east, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was winning decisive victories along the Mississippi River.
After the battle at Ft. Henry he earned the nickname of Unconditional Surrender because he refused to speak of terms of surrender with the South
29. Shiloh/Pittsburg Landing The South surprised Union troops at Shiloh on April 6, 1862
Their rebel yell was eerie
As they ran in retreat, they met Union reinforcements
Under Gen. Grant, they regrouped
It ended in a draw with almost 25,000 casualties in the 2 day battle.
30. Admiral Farragut As part of the Anaconda Plan, Gen. Farragut took the navy up the mouth of the Mississippi River
He took New Orleans and Baton Rouge, cutting the Confederacy in half.
32. Filling the Ranks The North allowed Blacks to enlist but did not allow them to fight
By 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation, pressure was on to allow Black units to train and fight.
They were killed in greater numbers and paid less for their efforts
33. Filling the Ranks Wealthy people, in both North and South, could pay a substitute to take their place in the Army.
Conscription, forced service, was first used in the South.
The North began conscription in 1862
36. Filling the Ranks Slaves could not help the southern army fight but were used for manual labor.
The Civil War was called, “a rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight.”
37. Filling the Ranks Conscription was so resisted in the North, riots broke out
It became especially violent after the Emancipation Proclamation.
38. Filling the Ranks Desertion was a common problem on both sides, with over 300,000 soldiers leaving their troops
Because states offered a signing bonus, many men enlisted, deserted, enlisted someplace else, deserted,…
39. Filling the Ranks By the end of the war, the South was so short of men they openly enlisted young boys.
40. Filling the Ranks Women could not openly enlist but some disguised themselves as men and fought the entire war.
Others became spies, nurses, and cooks
41. Filling the Ranks Elizabeth Blackwell, America’s first female physician, helped run the US Sanitary Commission
Clara Barton tended to the wounded and founded the American Red Cross.
42. Filling the Ranks Although hundreds of men and women tended to the sick and injured, more soldiers died from illness and infection than of battle wounds.
43. Filling the Ranks More often, women took over men’s civilian jobs while they were gone to war.
44. Generals of the Army of the Potomac Irwin McDowell 1861
George McClellan 1861
John Pope 1861
George McClellan 1862
Ambrose Burnside 1862
Ulysses S. Grant 1863-1865
45. The Civil War Politics of War
Chapter 11
Section 2
46. Britain’s Neutrality
47. Britain’s Neutrality
48. Trent Affair
49. Trent Affair
50. Emancipation
51. Emancipation
52. British cotton consumption increased but they did not rely on the South for production
53. Emancipation
54. Emancipation Reaction
55. Emancipation Reaction
56. Lincoln Takes Charge
57. Lincoln Takes Charge
58. Copperheads
59. Conscription
60. Conscription
61. Conscription
62. Conscription
63. As 1862 Ends…
64. The Civil War Chapter 11
Section 3
Life During Wartime
65. Mary Chesnut
66. Black Troops
67. Black Troops
68. Black Troops
69. Black Troops
70. Fort Pillow
71. Fort Pillow
72. Slave Resistance
73. War Affects the Economy
74. War Affects the Economy
75. Why Printing Money is Bad
76. Shortages of Everything
77. Northern Economy
78. Women in the Workplace
79. Soldiers Suffer
80. Medical Care
81. Medical Care
82. Medical Care
83. Medical Care
84. Medical Care
85. Medical Care
86. Medical Care
87. Prisoners
88. Prison Camps
89. Prison Camps
90. Andersonville Prison, GA
91. Andersonville Prison, GA
92. Andersonville Prison, GA
93. Andersonville Prison
94. Andersonville Prison
95. Andersonville Prison
96. The Civil War Chapter 11
Section 4
The North Takes Charge
97. 1863
98. Chancellorsville
99. The Civil War Chapter 11
Section 5
The Legacy of War
100. The War Ends
101. Political Changes
102. Political Changes
103. Economic Changes
104. Economic Changes
105. Economic Changes
106. Economic Changes
107. Economic Changes
108. Economic Changes
109. Societal Changes
110. Societal Changes
111. Societal Changes
112. Lincoln Assassinated
113. Lincoln Assassinated
114. John Wilkes Booth
115. Andrew Johnson
116. Comparisons
117. Comparisons
118. Comparisons
119. Comparisons
120. Comparisons
121. Comparisons
122. Comparisons
123. Chancellorsville
124. Gettysburg
125. Gettysburg
126. Gettysburg
127. Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
128. Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
129. Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863
130. Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863
131. Siege of Vicksburg 1863
132. Siege of Vicksburg 1863
133. Siege of Vicksburg 1863
134. Conditions in the South, 1863
135. Conditions in the South, 1863
136. Ulysses S. Grant
137. Ulysses S. Grant
138. Gen. Sherman
139. Grant v. Lee
140. Sherman’s March to the Sea
141. Sherman’s March to the Sea
142. Election 1864
143. Election 1864
144. Election 1864
145. Election 1864
147. Appomattox Court House
148. Fall of Richmond
149. Appomattox Court House
150. Appomattox Court House