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Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny. 1840s movement – Americans believed that their movement westward & southward was destined (ordained by God) “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.

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Manifest Destiny

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  1. Manifest Destiny • 1840s movement – Americans believed that their movement westward & southward was destined (ordained by God) • “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. John L. O’Sullivan (JamesK.Polkvideohere)

  2. The Closing of the American Frontier

  3. Frederick Jackson Turner’s Thesis • Wrote a thesis saying that the American frontier was what made Americans different from Europeans. • The frontier = the American Dream to many. • 1812-1852 U.S. growth • 7.25 million to more than 25 million • Land in the West increased by more than the size of Europe. • America History during this period defined by the amount of land available, and the political arguments over it.

  4. After wilderness masters the colonist finds him a European in dress, industries, tools, modes of travel, and thought. It takes him from the railroad car and puts him in the birch canoe. It strips off the garments of civilization and arrays him in the hunting shirt and the moccasin. It puts him in the log cabin of the Cherokee and Iroquois and runs an Indian palisade around him. Before long he has gone to planting Indian corn and plowing with a sharp stick; he shouts the war cry and takes the scalp in orthodox Indian fashion. In short, at the frontier the environment is at first too strong for the man. He must accept the conditions which it furnishes, or perish, and so he fits himself into the Indian clearings and follows the Indian trails. Little by little he transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old Europe… The fact is that here is a new product that is American. • Frederick Jackson Turner • THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FRONTIER IN AMERICAN HISTORY

  5. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

  6. Oregon Country U.S. & British Joint Occupation John Jacob Astor James K. Polk “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” Treaty of 1846 49th Parallel

  7. Oregon • Great Britain and the United States both have claims to Oregon. 42nd – 54th parallel. • Polk says “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”. We want it all. • Polk compromises agrees on the 49th Parallel. (Oregon Treaty of 1846)

  8. Treaty of 1846

  9. John Jacob Astor • Founded the American Fur Company in 1808. Sold it to the British 1812. And later established the Pacific Fur Companies and Southwest Fur Company

  10. Gold Rush Gold Discovery in California 1848 In 1849 30,000 would be miners set out overland from Missouri to CA. Another 25,000 made it by sea. Few became rich, but the hundreds of thousands arriving lead to California statehood

  11. The Missions of California

  12. Missions of California

  13. The BACK STORY On Texas • Mexico gains independence from Spain in 1823. • Offered land grants to Americans if they would… • 1. Convert to Catholicism • 2. Swear Allegiance to Mexico • Mexico banned slavery in 1824. The Anglos ignored it. • Mexico closed it’s borders in 1830, didn’t work. • General Santa Ana overthrew the Mexican Gov’t, sent troops to Texas. • Led to the Texas Revolution • 1835- 187 die at the Alamo, 300 executed at Goliad. • 1836- General Sam Houston captured Santa Ana at San Jacinto. Texas is Independent!!!

  14. Stephen Austin

  15. Republic of Texas 1836

  16. Santa Anna

  17. Sam Houston

  18. Davy Crockett

  19. Republic of Texas 1836-1845 • Santa Anna forced to sign a treaty • President: Sam Houston • Border Disputes (Rio Grande or Nueces) • Desire to be annexed by the U.S.

  20. Republic of Texas 1836

  21. War with Mexico • Polk becomes President in 1844 • Texas is annexed in 1845-border? • Slidell’s Mission • Sent by Polk to • Solve boundary dispute • Buy California and New Mexico • He gets REJECTED!!! • Polk sends General Taylor to the Rio Grande • Mexico Attacked!!!

  22. Before the War

  23. DURING

  24. Mexican American War 1846-1848

  25. And after

  26. The Treaty of Gaudalupe-Hidalgo • Ends the War • Mexico loses 50% of it’s territory. • The U.S. paid $15 million for lands they got from Mexico • U.S. agreed to pay claims made against Mexico by U.S. Citizens • 1854- $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase. Why Pay?

  27. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago – Mexican Cession

  28. Zachary Taylor

  29. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

  30. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

  31. US Territorial Expansion When? B - Western Lands • 1 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

  32. US Territorial Expansion When? C - LouisianaPurchase • 1803 From Where? • France Why? • Napoleon needed $ • Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans • He got all of this instead! A C B

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