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Super Massive Black Holes!

J ason Liao , A llen Chew May 12th, 2007 C handra A strophysics I nstitute. Super Massive Black Holes!. Outline. Images Our Galaxy images of Sag A Energy Spectrum of Sag A Light Curve of Sag A What is a Super massive Black hole Flux and Luminosity. A Picture of the Milky Way.

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Super Massive Black Holes!

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  1. Jason Liao, Allen Chew May 12th, 2007 Chandra Astrophysics Institute Super Massive Black Holes!

  2. Outline Images Our Galaxy images of Sag A Energy Spectrum of Sag A Light Curve of Sag A What is a Super massive Black hole Flux and Luminosity

  3. A Picture of the Milky Way This how we see the galaxy from our perspective.

  4. This is an artistic rendering of the milky way galaxy.

  5. Introduction and Background • Question: • -- How does Luminosity of Sag A change during burst? • Prior Knowledge • A Black Hole is an object in space that has a very strong gravitational force, and traps in light as well as other matter. • Accretion Disk • Event Horizon • - Gravitational Force ~ a object with a larger mass that pulls another object in space. • Super-massive Black holes ~ with a mass of a million or more Suns located in the centers of galaxies. • Most Galaxies ~ Super-massive Black holes

  6. Possible Reason for Jets- Overflowing of energy from the accretion disk

  7. Data/Methods Data DS9 Program Chandra-Ed Archive server Actual Data Gotten Quick Spectrum Light Curve How we got the results? Spectrum ~ Model of Object

  8. Using Light Curve and Spectrum Light Curve -We were able to select specific time using the Event Time Filter Tool. The Light Curve also shows the different burst which we measured to be the flares. Spectrum - a scatter plot of data showing energy and counts Luminosity is the actual brightness of an object Flux is the perceived brightness of an object Conversion between Flux and Luminosity

  9. Equation • Flux = Luminosity/4 π Distance ^ 2 • Luminosity = Flux * 4 π Distance ^ 2 • Energy= mass * (Speed of Light) C ^2

  10. Models • Models that we used - Power Law which states that Electrons spiral around magnetic fields. -Absorption Model = Add the absorbed photons taken from the Gas Clouds to the Power Law model.

  11. Explanation of Absorption Model • Explanation of absorption model

  12. Results In one burst… Energy = Mass of a 4.5 X 10^9 Kilogram Object

  13. Discussion / Analysis • WHY do our observations look like this?! • - One burst from Sag A releases Energy equivalent to mass of the Pyramid of Giza. In every 4800 second, the pyramid is dropped into Sag A. • It is as bright as the Sun which is 4.0X10^33 ergs/sec. • - The Luminosity of the burst is about 3 times as bright without bursting. • Why Absorption model !? • The Absorption model is more accurate • It is able to include photons that were blocked by the Gas Clouds. • Without the Absorption Model we will have a large decrease in the photons in lower energy.

  14. Conclusions We looked at: Several images of Sag A Light curve of Sag A Energy spectrum of Sag A Energy produced by one flare of Sag A We have discovered that the luminosity increases and is about the same brightness as our sun when it is bursting. We also believe that the increase in flux is caused by enormous jets from the accretion disk.

  15. Acknowledgments Ds9 Founders, CXO Archive http://www.roe.ac.uk/~pnb/research.html CAI Mentors Mark Hartman Fred Baganoff Irene Porro

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