Sentence Correction

1. Sentence Correction Pronoun-Antecendent Agreement, Plurals, Caps In many companys everyone, including the President, takes their turn at making coffee.

2. Sentence Correction Pronoun-Antecendent Agreement, Plurals, Caps In many companies everyone, including the president, takes his or her turn at making coffee.

3. Homework • The Odyssey, Book 11 • pp. 332-338 • pp. 343 (line 388) - 351

4. The Hospitality Narrative Stock Scenes in Homer’s Odyssey

5. Definition of XENIA: • Coded/ritualized relationship with foreigners, offering hospitality and protection. • Sometimes translated as “guest-friendship.” Compare to its opposite XENOPHOBIA.

6. Xenia Three functions: • Religious • Economic • Personal

7. Xenia Three functions: • Religious In Book XIV, Eumaeus says: “for it is Zeus who sends to us all beggars and strangers; and a gift, however small, means much when given by a man like me.”

8. Xenia Three functions: • Religious “Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares.” ~ Hebrews 13:2

9. Xenia Three functions: 2. Economic “As trade continued to grow in importance, special rules of hospitality began to emerge to protect travelers in order to facilitate commerce.” ~ William Matthew McCarter, PhD

10. Xenia Three functions: • Personal “Father Zeus, may Alcinous complete all he has said. Then on this grain-giving earth his fame will never be extinguished, and I will reach my native land.” (The Odyssey, Book 7)

11. Xenia Three basic rules: • Respect of host for guest. • Respect of guest for host. • Parting gifts.

12. Compare xeniawith English words that refer to outsiders: • hostile (Latin hostis, "enemy") • "guest" (cf. hotel) • "host" (cf. hospitality)

13. Xenia Six main elements: • Arrival • Reception • Feast • Identification • Entertainment • Departure

14. Xenia • ARRIVAL: Waiting at the threshold. “Athena stood there, at Odysseus’ outer gate before the palace, on the threshold, gripping the bronze spear in her fist” (The Odyssey, Book 1).

15. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • RECEPTION: The host’s invitation. “Godlike Telemachus observed Athena first, well before the others. He immediately walked over to the outer gate, for in his heart he considered it disgraceful that a stranger should remain a long time at his door” (The Odyssey, Book 1).

16. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • Seeing • Rising • Taking by the hand

17. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • RECEPTION: Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. “Telemachus moved up near Athena, grasped her right hand and took her bronze-tipped spear” (The Odyssey, Book 1).

18. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • RECEPTION: Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. How does this relate to the first two basic rules of xenia? • Respect of host for guest. • Respect of guest for host.

19. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. • FEAST: Providing the guest with food and drink.  “Welcome to you stranger. You must enjoy our hospitality. Then, after you have had some food to eat, you can tell us what you need” (Telemachus to Athena, Book 1).

20. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. • FEAST: Providing the guest with food and drink. • Washing hands/bathing • Seating the guest • Preparing and consumption of the meal

21. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. • Providing the guest with food and drink. • IDENTIFICATION: Asking questions; getting answers.

22. Asking questions: “But tell me, and speak candidly—Who are your people? Who are you? What city do you come from? What about your parents? What kind of ship did you sail here in? And the sailors, by what route did they bring you to Ithaca? Who do they say they come from? Is it your first journey here, or are you a guest friend of my father’s?” ~ Telemachus

23. Getting answers: “To you I will indeed speak openly. I can tell you that my name is Mentes, son of wise Anchialus, and king of the oar-loving Taphians. I’ve come, as you surmise, with comrades on a ship, sailing across the wine-dark sea to men whose style of speech is very different, . . . ” ~ Athena

24. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. • Providing the guest with food and drink. • Asking questions; getting answers. • ENTERTAINMENT:Exchanging stories. • Telemachus’ visit with Menelaus • Odysseus’ visit with the Phoenicians

25. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. • Providing the guest with food and drink. • Asking questions; getting answers. • ENTERTAINMENT:Exchanging stories. • Libations/sacrifice • Rituals of sleep, bed and bath

26. Xenia • Waiting at the threshold. • The host’s invitation. • Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. • Providing the guest with food and drink. • Asking questions; getting answers. • Exchanging stories. • DEPARTURE: The host gives the guest a parting gift.

27. The host gives the guest a parting gift: “Once you’ve had a bath and your fond heart is fully satisfied, then go back to your ship with your spirit full of joy, carrying a costly present, something really beautiful, which will be my gift to you, an heirloom of the sort dear guest friends give to those who are their friends.” ~ Telemachus

28. Xenia • Arrival • Reception • The host’s invitation. • Relieving the guest of his/her weapons. • Feast • Identification • Entertainment • Departure

29. Sources • Ford, Andrew Laughlin. “Two Basic Greek Terms.” Princeton University. Web. • McCarter, William Matthew, PhD. “Hospitality in Ancient Greece.” 9 Jul. 2010. Web. • “The Value of Hospitality.” Union College. Web. • Vandivir, Elizabeth, PhD. “The Odyssey of Homer.” Lecture. 1999.