Essential Question:

1. Essential Question: Day 1 What is the difference between a naturalized citizen and a natural born citizen?

2. Unit 4The Executive Branch

3. Article II: The Executive Branch The President The Vice President The Cabinet Executive Depts. & Bureaucracy

4. Qualifications for President & V.P. Must be 35 years old Must be a natural born citizen Must have lived in the U.S. the last 14 years

5. UnwrittenQualifications for Pres. & V.P. Experience in government Access to sources for raising large amounts of money for the campaign

6. Successful Candidates • Hold moderate political beliefs • Traditionally, successful candidates possessed a similar background to previous presidents: • Ethnic • Economic • Racial • Gender

7. Term of Office • The President and V-P. are elected to four year terms. • The 22nd amendment limits the president to 2 terms (no more than 10 years total). • Succession plus 2 elected terms if succession was less than 2 years into the previous president’s term

8. Salary $400,000(2001) $50,000 for expenses $100,000 for travel (non-taxable) White House 132 rooms and office $19,000 for entertainment Camp David Resort Medical & Dental Care Secret service protection-life Pension Transportation Compensation

9. The White House

10. Oval Office

11. White House Dining Room

12. White House Ballroom

13. White House Movie Theater

14. White House Bowling Alley

15. White House Basketball Court

16. White House Tennis Court

17. White House Putting Green

18. White House Swimming Pools

19. Camp David Resort

20. Review Questions • Which article of the US Constitution discusses the Executive Branch? • What are the formal qualifications to be president? • What are the informal/ unwritten qualifications to be president? • Which amendment limits the president to two terms? • Can a president serve for more than 8 years? How so?

21. Essential Question: Day 2 What is the line of succession for the presidency?

22. 25th Amendment • If President cannot complete his term, the V.P. becomes President. • If the VP office is vacant, the new President appoints one with SENATE approval.

23. 25th Amendment • The 25th Amendment established the line of presidential succession in cases of: • Death- natural causes or assassination • Mental or physical inability • Resignation/ Impeachment • Remember that the VP cannot be the “judge” for an impeachment of the President.

24. John Kennedy & MLK “Ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country.” - JFK President Kennedy with Civil Rights leader, Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1963 before his assassination. Johnson would finish the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

25. Removal of President • The president and VP may be removed from office upon conviction of impeachment for: • high crimes • misdemeanors

26. Richard Nixon resigned before he could face impeachment and possible removal from office. Can you name the only 2 presidents who were impeached?

27. Andrew Johnson

28. Bill Clinton

29. RICHARD NIXON & 25th • Nixon elected 1968 & 1972 • 1ST V. P. Spiro Agnew resigned b/c of income tax evasion • Nixon appointed Gerald Ford VP • Nixon resigned b/c of the Watergate scandal • Ford became President • Ford appointed Nelson Rockefeller VP

30. 25th Amendment Presidential Succession • Vice-President of the U.S. • Speaker of the House • President pro tempore • Cabinet secretaries in order of department origin (State, Treasury, Defense, etc.)

31. Elections: The Original System • Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution stated: • Candidate with the most elector votes would become president • Candidate with the 2nd most elector votes would become VP • Candidates did not have to be a member of the same party

32. Rise of Political Parties • No Parties in Constitution 1796 J. Adams-Federalist T. Jefferson-Republican Adams Pres- won most Elector votes Jefferson-VP- 2nd most

33. Thomas Jefferson-- Aaron Burr

34. Election of 1800 • Adams vs. Jefferson • Chose V.P. candidates to run with them Adams---Thomas Pinkney Jefferson—Aaron Burr • Electors voted twice. Jefferson and Burr tied. Who became President? • Remember, there were no separate ballots for President and VP yet!

35. Tie Goes to the House • House voted 35 times. Hamilton convinced them to vote for Jefferson. • Jefferson became 3rd President • Aaron Burr became V.P. • Burr later killed Hamilton in a duel.

36. Changes in Presidential Elections • Candidates select running mates. • Electors pledged to parties, not candidates; They vote for the PARTY. • 12th Amendment added—Electors designate their vote as Pres. or V.P. (There are now separate ballots for the office of President and VP.)

37. The Electoral College • The college uses a “winner takes all” system • There are a total of 538 elector votes • You need 270 to win • The elector vote is cast in December

38. The Electoral College • A State’s Elector Votes are determined by: • A state’s Electoral College Votes = # of Representatives + # of Senators • Georgia has the following count: House + Senate = ECV 14 + 2 = 16

39. The Electoral College • 23rd Amendment gave the District of Columbia 3 electors • Total Elector Votes are determined by: House + Senate + DC = Elector Votes 435 + 100 + 3 = 538

40. 2016 Election Results Notice the # of electors that each state has. Georgia has a total of 16 based on our representation in the House and Senate.

41. The Electoral College • The President is elected by the Electoral College (started w/ Washington). • George Washington was the only president to ever receive an unanimous elector vote. • The closest upset in the last 45 years was Ronald Reagan in the 1980 & 1984 elections.

42. Ronald Reagan – “The Great Communicator” Reagan was not supposed to win against Jimmy Carter in 1980, but won in a landslide victory. Carter only won 7 states in the Electoral College ending to a count of 49 elector votes to Reagan’s 489 elector votes. Reagan was re-elected in 1984 with 525 of the Elector Votes against Democratic nominee Walter Mondale.

43. The Electoral College • “Winner Takes All” System at Work • Each county keeps count of total votes for each candidate showing who took the county when the polls close • The candidate with the votes takes all the elector vote of the state • Exceptions to the “winner takes all” system: • Maine • Nebraska

44. 2016 Election by Counties

45. The Electoral College • The Electors: • Are the people who cast the vote for President and VP in December • Are appointed by each state’s legislature • May not hold any other office • Determine the president and vice-president with their vote

46. Electoral College Issues

47. Electoral College Issues • Critics call the system unfair • A candidate can lose the total popular vote, but still win the presidency • Total popular vote = all votes across the nation for each candidate • There have been 4 times in U.S. history where the president elect did not receive the popular vote, but still won the electoral college. • All were Republican victories that took the majority of counties in the U.S.

48. Electoral College Issues • Donald Trump v. Hillary Clinton, 2016 • George Bush v. Al Gore, 2000 • Benjamin Harrison v. Grover Cleveland, 1888 • Rutherford Hayes v. Samuel Tilden, 1876 • Adams v. Jackson (both Democratic-Republicans) in 1824, were not included because neither won the Electoral College – presidency was decided by the House of Representatives

49. Electoral College Issues • Third party candidates could win enough votes to prevent any candidate from receiving a majority of the Electoral College • House of Representatives would have to choose the next president in this case

50. Electoral College Issues • Those opposed to the system say it should be replaced