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LAN Protocols and TCP/IP

LAN Protocols and TCP/IP. © N. Ganesan, Ph.D. Module . A Preview of Major LAN Protocols. Major Protocols. TCP/IP De facto protocols of the Internet IPX/SPX Used in Novell networks NetBEUI A non routable local protocol. NetBEUI. Supported by

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LAN Protocols and TCP/IP

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  1. LAN Protocols and TCP/IP © N. Ganesan, Ph.D.

  2. Module A Preview of Major LAN Protocols

  3. Major Protocols • TCP/IP • De facto protocols of the Internet • IPX/SPX • Used in Novell networks • NetBEUI • A non routable local protocol

  4. NetBEUI • Supported by • Windows 9X, Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP • Non-routable protocol used for setting a local LAN that does not require Internet access • Can be used for an internal peer-to-peer or client-server network

  5. IPX/SPX Compatible Protocol • Used in Novell networks • Required for interoperability of Windows network with Novell networks • Routable protocol • IPX/SPX can be used for peer-to-peer or client-server networking

  6. TCP/IP • An important protocol used widely on the Internet • A routable protocol • Supports communication with UNIX networks or any other network that work under the TCP/IP protocol • The base protocol in UNIX networks is TCP/IP • Can be used for configuring peer-to-peer as well as client-server networks of very large scale

  7. A TCP/IP Application Scenario Lab The Internet Workstation Internet Router Local Router Workstation Configure the workstation for Internet access by Installing TCP/IP.

  8. End of Module

  9. Module Basic TCP/IP Installation and Configuration

  10. TCP/IP Installation and Configuration • A two-step process • First, install the protocol • With many modern OSs such as Windows XP, it is automatically installed • Second, configure its properties • When TCP/IP is automatically installed, the properties are set to be obtained from a DHCP server • However, it is also possible to manually set the properties

  11. TCP/IP Installation Steps Start Choose Network/ Properties From Network Neighborhood/ Properties. Install Protocol TCP/IP protocol installed. Add OK End Choose TCP/IP

  12. Accessing the Window for TCP/IP Properties • Under different Windows operating systems the TCP/IP properties are accessed in different ways • The best and the most consistent way to access TCP/IP properties Windows is to go through the Control Panel and then select the Network Icon • Another way to access the properties is to go through Network Neighborhood • Thereafter, select the network properties (Based on the NIC) and then then continue to select the TCP/IP properties

  13. Accessing TCP/IP Properties Tab Start Choose Network From Network Neighborhood/ Properties. TCP/IP/ Properties Proceed Define TCP/IP properties

  14. TCP/IP Configuration Options • Dynamic IP • A DHCP server must be present in the network to issue dynamic IP • In a number of cases, the MAC address of the client is registered to prevent unauthorized leasing of IP addresses to clients • Static IP • Obtain the IP address specifications from the network administrator

  15. DHCP and TCP/IP Configuration • Without a DHCP server • Requires the static assignment of IP addresses and properties • The DHCP server need not reside on the same subnet • With a DHCP server • IP addresses etc. are automatically assigned by the DHCP server • Select the appropriate option for the TCP/IP address to be dynamically assigned by the DHCP server

  16. TCP/IP Properties IP Address Subnet Mask TCP/IP Properties Gateway Advanced DNS

  17. Assignment of Properties for TCP/IP • IP address • Subnet mask • Gateway address • DNS address • Preferred • Alternate, if available

  18. Alternate IP • If the computer is used on another network as well, an alternate IP address may also be set • It can be a private IP address • Or, it could well be a static IP address that is manually set

  19. IP Addresses for Restricted Internal LANs • For an internal network, only the IP addresses and the subnet masks need to be assigned • Note that subnet mask is not an IP address • Such networks will not have access to the outside world meaning that it would not have a connection to the Internet • There are also some IP addresses reserved for internal use that are known as private addresses • An example is 192.168.0.1 • For internal access, private IP addresses should preferably be used

  20. Facilitating External Access • A gateway address is required to facilitate external address • A gateway is generally a router that directs the traffic to the next segment of the network that would eventually be linked through a series of hops over network segment to its destination • There can be more than one gateway present in a network meaning that multiple gateway addresses can be entered in the TCP/IP properties window

  21. IP Address Assignment Summarized IP Address Non-DHCP DHCP Obtain IP Address automatically Specify IP Address Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 IP Address 123.345.678.90 Gateway, DNS and WINS addresses

  22. End of Module

  23. Module Advanced TCP/IP Settings

  24. Accessing Advanced Properties • Advanced properties can be accessed from the tab marked advanced

  25. Advanced Properties of TCP/IP • IP settings • DNS • WINS • Options • Security related

  26. IP and Gateway Settings • Multiple IP addresses for the same NIC • Multiple gateways

  27. DNS • Multiple DNSs • Search suffix order • Registering current computer with the DNS server

  28. WINS • Setting multiple WINSs • Add LMHOST lookup • Set NetBIOS over TCP/IP to cater for older applications that rely on NetBIOS

  29. More on WINS • WINS Configuration • This can be configured if there is a WINS server on the network • The purpose of the WINS server is to resolve Windows client names into IP addresses • Windows names are not common in today’s environment as all computer names are based on TCP/IP

  30. Options • Set TCP/IP filtering by limiting access to certain ports for certain protocols

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