Emission Inventory Development for Open Burning in the Mekong Sub-Region

1. Emission Inventory Development for Open Burning in the Mekong Sub-Region Savitri Garivait, JGSEE BAQ 2006 December 13-15, 2006 Hyatt Regency Hotel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2. Biomass Open Burning?

3. Biomass open burning – Global overview August 2005 10/02/2006 – 19/02/2006 http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ 28/09/2006 – 07/10/2006

4. Biomass open burning – ASEAN countries http://www.haze-online.or.id

5. Biomass open burning – Visibility Reduction and in August 2005 Haze in Malaysia during Indonesian forest fire in1997

6. Biomass burning – ASEAN countries Currently, eight countries (out of 10) composed of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam have signed the Agreement.

7. Biomass Open Burning – Mekong Sub-Region • Estimation of Pollutants Emissions from Biomass Burning in the Mekong River Basin Sub-Region (since May 2004) • Rationale • Need of Scientific Information for Policy and Decision-Making • Need of Sustainable Biomass Utilization • Needs of EI improvement

8. Biomass Open Burning – Mekong Sub-Region • Objectives • To develop a database of emissions and emission factor representative of the MRBSR • To develop a guideline for estimating the emissions based on field observation data • To initiate a capacity building on air quality modeling and monitoring for the scientists of the region.

9. Chiang Mai Khon Kaen Suphan Buri Biomass Open Burning – Mekong Sub-Region • Study site: Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam • Vegetation: Forest and Agricultural crops • Pollutants of interest: CO and PM (PM10&PM2.5 including BC/OC) • Base year 2002

10. Methodology of Estimating Emissions from Biomass Open Burning • Amount of a specific gaseous species released to the atmosphere (g): Emission = M  EF • Amount of biomass burned (g): M = A  B  C where: A = area burned (m2) B = biomass loading (kgdm biomass/m2) C = burning efficiency or fraction burned in field EF = Emission factor (gspecies/kgdm biomass)

11. Methodology of Estimating Emissions from Biomass Open Burning – Data Collection

13. Examples of Field Experiment • Paddy field burning – Suphan Buri (7 July 2005)

14. Biomass Load or fraction burned in field (E) Unit: kg/m2

15. Burning efficiency

16. Emission Factor Unit: gram of species per kilogram dry matter

17. Emission Maps of PM in 2002

18. Estimation of Emissions from Biomass Open Burning in MRBSR – Conclusions & Perspectives Conclusions • Vegetation subjected to open burning: Forest>Agricultural fields • Spatial distribution: Thailand>Vietnam>Cambodia>Lao PDR • Temporal distribution: high season (January-April) vs. low season • Agricultural areas subjected to burning throughout the year: irrigated paddy fields • Uncertainties on estimation are still HIGH! Future works • To confirm results with field experiments and questionnaire interviews • To further document field emission factors • To transfer knowledge to other part of ASEAN • To build capacity of the Mekong Sub-Region scientists

19. Acknowledgements APN Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research

20. ขอบคุณค่ะ Khob Khun Kha สวัสดีค่ะ Sawasdee Kha