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L. II-3.

L. II-3. S. 14-12. L. 13-9. L. 13-3,4. L. 13-5. In situ study of energy metabolism: Monitoring of high-energy phosphorus metabolite levels in perfused rat hearts using 31 P NMR spectroscopy. CrP. PCr. -ATP. -ATP. -ATP. Reperfusion in the presence of cardioprotective agents.

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L. II-3.

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  1. L. II-3. S. 14-12.

  2. L. 13-9

  3. L. 13-3,4

  4. L. 13-5

  5. In situ study of energy metabolism:Monitoring of high-energy phosphorus metabolite levels in perfused rat hearts using 31P NMR spectroscopy CrP PCr -ATP -ATP -ATP Reperfusion in the presenceof cardioprotective agents Reperfusion Pi Ischaemia ATP ATP ATP Normoxia

  6. Effect of PARP inhibitors on the recovery of creatine phosphate during ischemia-reperfusion

  7. Effect of PARP inhibitors on the recovery of ATP during ischemia-reperfusion

  8. Effect of PARP inhibitors on the utilization of inorganic phosphate during ischemia-reperfusion

  9. L. 13-6,7

  10. L. 13-8,12

  11. L. 13-10,11

  12. Electron transfer as a form of energy transfer Electron affinity, oxidative/reductíve capacity electromotive forceE = E° +0.026V/n ln[ox]/[red] G = -nF E

  13. Deficiency: pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death)

  14. Regulation of metabolic pathways • controlling the amounts of enzymes • controlling the catalytic activities of enzymes • controlling the accessibilityof substrates

  15. Possible fates of glucose

  16. Glycolysis • glykys= sweet, lysis=splitting; degradation of glucose • the process of the largest carbon flux in most cells • sole energy source for many kinds of cells (e.g. erythrocytes, brain, renal medulla, sperm) • anaerobic microorganisms are entirely dependent on glycolysis (e.g. Clostridium tetani - tetanus (lockjaw)Clostridium botulinum - botulismBacterides fragilis - various types of infection) • the enzymes involved are almost completely conserved from yeast to human

  17. All intermediates of glycolysis are phosphorylated • they cannot leave the cell(negative charge, lack of transporters; concentration gradient) • energy is conserved(phosphorylation potential of ATP is not lost completely) • enzymes are phosphorylated at their active sites(phosphorylation  rearrangement  decrease of the activation barrier AND increase of specificity) • Mg2+ is necessary for each steps

  18. Energy balance of glycolysis Glc + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 Pyr + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2OG’° = -85 kJ/mol Glc + 2 NAD+  2 Pyr + 2 NADH + 2 H+ G’° = -146 kJ/mol and it is only a small fraction of total available energy of the glucose molecule! (see TCA cycle later) 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 ATP + 2 H2O G’° = 61 kJ/mol

  19. “Essentially irreversible” reactions in glycolysis

  20. Anabolic reactions

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