3/29 Goal: To identify and differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

1. 3/29 Goal: To identify and differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. How did I do today? 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain most parts. 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but I still need some help. 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and I am very confused.

2. 3/29 Goal: To identify and differentiate between plant and animal cells. How did I do today? 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain most parts. 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells but I still need some help. 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and I am very confused.

3. http://www.graylab.ac.uk/research/groups/tumour_microcirculation/images/fig_1_Dividing_cell.jpghttp://www.graylab.ac.uk/research/groups/tumour_microcirculation/images/fig_1_Dividing_cell.jpg http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03bio/logs/sept18/media/untreated_cell_600.jpg CELLS http://www.csulb.edu/depts/biology/media/cell751.gif http://squishycell.uchicago.edu/ana_cell.jpg

4. What microscopic differences exist between living & non-living objects? Living organisms are composed of small units called cells. This distinguishes them from nonliving things.

5. What sort of evidence would be needed to support the generalization that all organisms, including humans, are composed of cells? The tissues of a large number & variety of organisms would need to be observed under the microscope & found to be composed of cells.

7. CELLS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

8. CELL DISCOVERY • ROBERT HOOKE (1665) -NAMED CELLS FROM LOOKING AT ONCE LIVING ORGANISMS (CORK). • ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1673) -1ST PERSON TO OBSERVE LIVING CELLS -MADE MICROSCOPES

9. 150 YRS LATER CAME THE CELL THEORY • The concept was formally expressed in 1839 by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow and has remained the foundation of modern biology. Below are the 3 parts to this theory. • ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS. • CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION IN AN ORGANISM • CELLS COME ONLY FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF EXISTING CELLS.

10. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS SHARE THESE CHARACTERISTICS • MADE OF ONE OR MORE CELLS • USE ENERGY (i.e. METABOLISM) • MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS • GROW • REPRODUCE • HEREDITY

11. CELL FUNCTION • ACTIVITIES OF ALL ORGANISMS ARE DUE TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THEIR CELLS. • MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF CELLS ARE AS FOLLOWS: -metabolism -movement -secretion -absorption -growth -reproduction

12. NOT ALL CELLS LOOK ALIKE, WHY? CELL DIVERSITY Age of cells, ability to obtain nutrients, function, certain environmental influences could increase or decrease cell size, amount of stored materials, ability to get rid of wastes…

13. Come up with as many differences between these 2 cells as you can think of. Which one do you think came around 1st? Why?

14. THERE ARE 2 CELL TYPES PROKARYOTIC CELLS AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

15. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?? • Prokaryotic cells: • Are smaller • Have no membrane around organelles (such as the nucleus) • Have fewer organelles • Lacks a nucleolus • Usually has one circular chromosome containing dna. • Reproduce by the process of binary fission • Example: bacteria

16. EUKARYOTIC CELLS • ARE BIGGER • HAVE MEMBRANES AROUND THEIR ORGANELLES • CONTAINS A NUCLEOLUS • HAVE MORE CHROMOSOMES • HAVE MORE ORGANELLES • REPRODUCE BY THE PROCESS OF MITOSIS & MEIOSIS • EXAMPLES: ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS; FUNGI AND PROTISTS

17. PROKARYOTE CELL EUKARYOTE CELL

18. TIME FOR AN ACTIVITY

19. Did your observations reveal any consistent differences between plant & animal cells? If so, what are they? Plant cells appear to have a “fatter” border (cell wall). There are round green objects in the plant cell also (chloroplasts). Plant cells generally have larger open spaces that aren’t apparent in the animal cells.

20. PLANT CELLS: HAVE CHLOROPLASTS HAVE A CELL WALL LARGE VACUOLE NO CENTRIOLES NO LYSOSOMES (in most plants) ANIMAL CELLS: NO CHLOROPLAST NO CELL WALL SMALL VACUOLES HAVE CENTRIOLES HAVE LYSOSOMES DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS

21. QUESTION #1 What type of cells do humans have?

22. AND THE ANSWER IS… EUKARYOTIC

23. QUESTION #2 IF YOU WERE LOOKING AT A CELL & OBSERVED THAT THE CELL HAD CHLOROPLAST, WHAT COULD YOU TELL ME ABOUT IT?

24. AND THE ANSWER IS… THIS CELL IS A PLANT CELL, THEREFORE IT IS ALSO A EUKARYOTIC TYPE OF CELL.

25. GROWTH OF ORGANISMS • GROWTH OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS IS DUE TO THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF CELLS. • SUBSTANCES ABSORBED FROM THE CELL’S ENVIRONMENT ARE ESSENTIAL TO CELL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION.

26. CELL DIVERSITY • NOT ALL CELLS LOOK ALIKE, WHY? • Not all cells have the same function -The human body contains 200 different cells Ex: blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells…

27. ANIMAL PLANT

28. VARIOUS CELLS…..CAN YOU TELL WHAT THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE??? Draw these in your Interactive NB. State what you think their function is & explain why based on their structure.

29. That’s it for now.

30. ORGANELLES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS • CELL MEMBRANE • CELL WALL • LYSOSOMES • VACUOLE • CHLOROPLASTS • MITOCHONDRIA • RIBOSOMES

31. ORGANELLES CONTINUED • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • GOLGI APPARATUS • CYTOPLASM • NUCLEUS • NUCLEAR MEMBRANE • NUCLEOLUS • CHROMOSOMES • CENTRIOLES