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The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment. 1650ish-1800. Essential Questions:. Who should govern a nation? How powerful/pervasive should that force of government be? What’s the role of religion in society? Should religion have a place in government? How important is science to society?. Causes. Middle Ages.

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The Enlightenment

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  1. The Enlightenment 1650ish-1800

  2. Essential Questions: • Who should govern a nation? • How powerful/pervasive should that force of government be? • What’s the role of religion in society? • Should religion have a place in government? • How important is science to society?

  3. Causes

  4. Middle Ages • Europe: Feudalistic society • Kings had divine right to rule • No way to break free from the hierarchy—constraining

  5. Renaissance Humanism • People are capable of thinking for themselves. • Individual Education (Humanities: grammar, rhetoric, Greek, history, moral philosophy, poetry) Erasmus, Holbein

  6. Later Issues (15-1700s) • Absolute monarchs • Government out of touch with its constituents • Nearly impossible to advance socially (no rags to riches) • Aristocracy became ruling class with advent of parliamentary systems of gov’t  Louis XIV (1638-1715)

  7. “L’état, c’estmoi.” “The state is me,” Louis XIV

  8. The Three Estates, France • 17th century • First estate: Louis XVI and clerics, most resources. Did not pay taxes. • Second estate: Noblemen and women, self-centered. Did not pay taxes. • Third estate (largest): Workers, artisans, etc. Did most of the work. Tax burden fell exclusively on them. No representation.

  9. The Enlightenment • Occurred between approximate years of 1650s-1800 • Explosion in radical thought about organization of society and purpose of government • Value of Experimenting • Oxygen was named during this time period as was the idea of the element. • Lack of care for national borders • Philosophes • Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Voltaire, Newton, Rousseau, Montesquieu

  10. Philosophes

  11. Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679 • Absolutist • Leviathan (1651) • All individuals are naturally equal, but… • Leviathan=sea monster that devoured ships…used here as a symbol for the government., created to impose order

  12. John Locke, 1632-1704 • Tabula Rasa: blank slate • Importance of environment and reason vs. heredity and faith • No “divine right” • Man has natural rights: • Life • Liberty • Property • Gov’t that doesn’t approve should be abolished.

  13. Baron de Montesquieu, 1689-1755 • Believed in three branches of government with checks and balances

  14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1778 • Wrote about distaste for political and economic oppression • Good of the community > the individual • Government determined by its citizens

  15. Exit Ticket • On your index card: • Briefly compare the Three Estates with the Middle Ages. • What is one of the Enlightenment’s essential questions? • What are philosophes? Name at least one. • Make sure you include your name.

  16. Sources • http://enlightenmentreed.wetpaint.com/page/Causes+of+the+Enlightenment • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=8VKNFAg6sprH5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.iep.utm.edu/rousseau/&imgurl=http://www.iep.utm.edu/wp-content/media/rousseau.jpg&w=199&h=264&ei=TzE8UIKoE4qBrAHp3oG4CQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=722&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=111&tbnw=86&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:142&tx=45&ty=53 • http://www.fhs.d211.org/departments/socialstudies/mzacharia/200910%20APUSH%20Enlightenment%20Lecture.pdf • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=jXfCXei7VlTwxM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan_(book)&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Leviathan_gr.jpg/200px-Leviathan_gr.jpg&w=200&h=307&ei=sDM8UIaXBYKdqQGrg4HABA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=393&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=77&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:170&tx=42&ty=48 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=LrVJo4rXBgnqyM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/220px-JohnLocke.png&w=220&h=284&ei=xDM8UM6mL4e2qAHr2YCYCg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=299&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=122&tbnw=95&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:129&tx=40&ty=30 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=G8C7kDTDCiyfvM:&imgrefurl=http://www.constitution.org/cm/sol.htm&imgurl=http://www.constitution.org/img/montesquieu.jpg&w=658&h=867&ei=3TM8UJSWG8ji2QX5v4DgDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=247&vpy=144&dur=314&hovh=258&hovw=196&tx=99&ty=131&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=116&tbnw=87&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:119 • http://www.google.com/imgres?start=45&num=10&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=647&tbm=isch&tbnid=5hHnBIKkPUa_9M:&imgrefurl=http://ridgeaphistory.wikispaces.com/European%2BFeudalism&imgurl=https://fc.deltasd.bc.ca/~csharpe/FOV2-0005D480/S017BC870.1/feudal-system.gif&w=287&h=384&ei=EDQ8UOKdJof7qgHrn4CADw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=525&vpy=122&dur=407&hovh=210&hovw=155&tx=99&ty=142&sig=104433060286746596077&page=3&tbnh=159&tbnw=115&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:45,i:127 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=u6W9PwHptYOz8M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hans_Holbein_d._J._047.jpg/270px-Hans_Holbein_d._J._047.jpg&w=270&h=357&ei=KzQ8UMivHqbe2AWWvICoDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=178&vpy=153&dur=471&hovh=129&hovw=104&tx=108&ty=129&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=95&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:142 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg

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