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Slavery and Western Expansion. Section 1. The Impact of the War with Mexico. Mexican War led to increasingly sectional tensions, based off slavery Southerners felt if a slave ran away they had the right to retrieve their “property” Northerners believed in sheltering and hiding runaway slavers
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Slavery and Western Expansion Section 1
The Impact of the War with Mexico • Mexican War led to increasingly sectional tensions, based off slavery • Southerners felt if a slave ran away they had the right to retrieve their “property” • Northerners believed in sheltering and hiding runaway slavers • War also opened new lands • The question on slavery once again rose
President Polk Sees Trouble Ahead • Polk was a Southern democrat as well as a slave holder • Polk didn’t think slaver in the Southwest was a big deal • Dry climate would not support kinds of farming that made slavery profitable • Angry debate in Congress broke out and Polk realized slavery couldn’t be brushed aside
The Wilmot Proviso • Read this section • Take good notes
Popular Sovereignty • Wilmot proviso stirred tensions on both sides of Congress…as did the Calhoun Resolutions • Issue of slavery’s expansion divided the country along sectional lines…North vs. South • Moderates searched for a solution to keep Congress from having to battle slavery issue • Lewis Cass- suggested that citizens of each new territory should be allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to permit slavery or not • Idea became known as popular sovereignty
Cont. • Many in Congress liked the idea of popular sovereignty • Mainly because it removed the slavery issue from national politics • Also appeared democratic since the settlers would make the decision • Northerners liked the idea because they felt they would occupy most of the new territories and ban slavery from those states
The Free-Soil Party Emerges • 1848 election was approaching • Whigs chose Zachary Taylor to run for president • Hero in war with Mexico • Whig Party in the North was split • Conscience Whigs- Northern Whigs who opposed slavery • Believed Taylor wanted to expand slavery westward • Other Northern Whigs supported Taylor along with Southern Whigs to nominate him • Cotton Whigs- Northern Whigs who supported slavery • Called this because many of them were linked to Northern cloth manufactures who needed Southern cotton
Cont. • Taylor’s nomination convinced many Conscience Whigs to quit the party • Free-Soil Party- combination of Conscience Whigs, who quit their party, and antislavery Democrats from New York who were frustrated that their party nominated Lewis Cass instead of Martin Van Buren, and members of the abolitionist Liberty Party • Opposed slavery in the “free soil” of western territories
Cont. • Free Soilers condemned slavery as immoral • Wanted to preserve west for white farmers • Slavery would make it hard for white men to find work • Slogan: “Free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men.”
The 1848 Election • 3 parties campaigned for presidency in 1848 • Democrat Lewis Cass • Free-Soil Party Martin Van Buren • Whig candidate Zachary Taylor • Election Day • Free-Soilers split Whig vote in Ohio, giving the state to Cass • Also split Democratic vote in New York, giving the state to Taylor • Taylor wins the election
The Search for Compromise • Read this section
The Great Debate Begins • Read this section together • Carefully take notes on your own • You will have questions on your quiz and test from this section!!
The Compromise of 1850 • Read this section carefully as well
