DeCS Health Terminology Description, uses and services

1. DeCS Health TerminologyDescription, uses and services BIREME/PAHO/WHO Latin-American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information Pan American Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization

2. Agenda • DeCS/MeSH description and uses • DeCS Services • DeCS Update

3. Description in brief DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing user support update number of accesses Controlled vocabulary created by BIREME in 1982, fully compatible with MeSH (“Medical Subject Headings”, produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), is a controlled vocabulary used for indexing and recovering information in MEDLINE / Pubmed) DeCS – the Portuguese acronym for Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (Health Sciences Descriptors) Yearly updated (idem MeSH) Currently available in Portuguese, Spanish and English Composed of 16 MeSH Categories plus 4 thematic terminology categories: Public Health, Health Surveillance, Homeopathy, and Science & Health An integrating component of the VHL and GHL - Allows meta-searching by descriptor, ie, searches multiple IS - Allows multilingual searching

4. Uses DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses Serves as a standard controlled vocabulary for indexing scientific and technical health-related literature It groups synonymous terms into concept units Allows searching by subject (concepts), independently of the language the use of natural language searches in document titles, abstracts and full-texts require long/complex search expressions, loses specificity and brings less trustworthy results Hierarchical codes allow exploding (searching) all the terms of a conceptual hierarchy (branch)

5. DeCS 2011 Categories DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses DeCS version 2011 January 28

6. Types of DeCS/MeSH terms DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses Descriptor Synonyms Qualifiers Check-tags Publication Types

7. Descriptor DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses This ise the term used in the information sources as the indexing term. The term reflects a meaning; its use indicates the topics discussed by the work cited. Also known as Index terms Keywords, Key terms, Main headings, Preferred terms and Subject heading

8. Synonyms DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses Also known as Used For (UF) terms, Cross-references or Entry terms They mean the same ornearlythe same as the descriptor (EQV, NRW, BRD, REL). They are used as alternate terms in search expressions, obtaining the same search result. For the system they are considered equivalent.

9. Qualifiers DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses Frequently occurring health-related terms that are used for indexing in conjunction with descriptors. This combination permits retrieving only those citations which are concerned with a particular aspect of a subject. Example: Aphthovirus/pathogenicity, finds documents about the capacity of this virus to cause disease. Note: Qualifiers are preceded by a slash “/” in the DeCS Search System (or Browser)

10. Check tags (or Limits) DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses Check tags are generic terms used to limit the scope of research subjects, such as: PREGNANCY; ANIMALS (mammals:HUMANS and non-human, frequently used in basic and clinical research: CATTLE, CATS, CRICETINAE, DOGS, GUINEA PIGS, MICE, RABBITS, RATS; andCHICK EMBRYO), the genders MALE or FEMALE; the historical periods (HISTORY, ANCIENT; HISTORY, MEDIEVAL; HISTORY, 15TH CENTURY; ...HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY); and the age groups below. Theage groupsare: INFANT, NEWBORN (birth to 1 month) INFANT (1 to 23 months) CHILD, PRE-SCHOOL (2 to 5 years) CHILD (6 to 12 years) ADOLESCENT (13 to 18 years) YOUNG ADULT (19 to 24 years) ADULT (19 to 44 years) MIDDLE AGE (45 to 64 years) AGED (65 to 79 years) AGED, 80 AND OVER

11. Check tags (or Limits) DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses The expanded hierarchical structure with the location of the age groups in DeCS is shown below, and the check tags marked in bold face. NAMED GROUPS[M]      Persons [M01]         Abortion Applicants [M01.050]         Adult Children [M01.055]Age Groups [M01.060]            Adolescent [M01.060.057]            Adult [M01.060.116] +               Aged [M01.060.116.100] +                Aged, 80 and over [M01.060.116.100.080]                  Frail Elderly [M01.060.116.100.540]                Middle Aged [M01.060.116.630]               Young Adult [M01.060.116.815]             Child [M01.060.406] +               Child, Preschool [M01.060.406.448]             Infant [M01.060.703] +                Infant, Newborn [M01.060.703.520] +                   Infant, Low Birth Weight [M01.060.703.520.460] +Infant, Small for Gestational Age [M01.060.703.520.460.560]Infant, Very Low Birth Weight [M01.060.703.520.460.600] +                   Infant, Postmature [M01.060.703.520.500]                  Infant, Premature [M01.060.703.520.520]

12. Publication Types DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses Terms used for describing the document format which allows another means for restricting the search result. Examples: Editorial, Letter, Review, Clinical Trial, Clinical Trial, Phase I, etc. (in DeCS, and in the VHL)

13. Types of relations DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses • Word (dictionaries) -> Term (thesauri) -> Concept or Conceptual unit (multilingual thesauri) -> Record or Multi-conceptual Unit (MeSH/DeCS vocabularies) • Types of relations: • Equivalency (synonyms; intra-conceptual) • Hierarchical (Is a, part of, type of; inter-conceptual; may be intra-record [subfields BRD, NRW, EQV, REL] or inter-records [tree code field]) • Associative (non-hierarchical): of two types: • intra-record: language versions, scope note, historical note, abbreviations; • inter-record: annotation, online note, consider also (reference to other greek and latin prefixes or morphemes), reference to entry combination (postcoordination with qualifiers), see related reference, pharmacological actions, allowable [topical] qualifiers, reference to the allowed subcategories with qualifier, MeSH-Suggested descriptor, UMLS semantic type, terms in UMLS vocabularies, MeSH ID the relations in bold are not shown yet on the decs server.

14. Vocabulary Characteristics DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses TRILINGUAL POLYHIERARCHICAL POSTCOORDINATION PRECOORDINATION

15. Language versions DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses DeCS is trilingual (English, Spanish and Portuguese) DeCS’ Spanish and Portuguese terms are exported to the UMLS metathesaurus (Unified Medical Language System) and distributed as Spanish MeSH and Portuguese MeSH To date, there are 11 MeSH translations incorporated into the UMLS Metathesaurus

16. Polyhierarchical DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses A descriptor may belong to more than one category or to several branches of the same category due to the multidisciplinary nature of many concepts. Example: Ethics belongs to the F, K and N categories F = Psychiatry and Psychology; K = Humanities; N = Health Care Related documents in the VHL

17. Postcoordination DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses The act of coordinating two or more concepts at the moment of searching for literature with the objective of narrowing the scope of a subject. The DeCS/MeSH vocabulary permits four types of terminological postcoordination. • Descriptor + Descriptor • Descriptor + Qualifier • Descriptor + Check tag • Descriptor + Publication Type Examples: • Arthritis, Rheumatoid + Immunity, Innate/immunolVHLVHL2 • Antibiotic Prophylaxis + Bacitracin/ther useVHLVHL2 • Arthritis, Rheumatoid + Immunity, Innate/immunol + FemaleVHLVHL2 • Anti-bacterial Agents + Clinical Trial, Phase IVVHLVHL2(*) (*)In the new VHL search system, hyfenated term searches is being implemented.

18. Precoordination DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses There are two types of precoordination: 1) Descriptor1/qualifier use Descriptor2 Example 1: PREGNANCY PREGNANCY/complications use “PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS” Example 2: KIDNEY KIDNEY/transplantation use “KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION” 2) Descriptor1 AND Descriptor2 useDescriptor3 Example: KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION and KIDNEY use “KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION”

19. DeCS Services DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users documentation browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses • DeCS Server(DeCS Search) http://decs.bvs.br/I/homepagei.htm http://decs.bvsalud.org/I/homepagei.htm - for users Search by Words Search by Index • Alphabetic • Keywords in Context (KWIC) • Tree (hierarchicalnavigation or tree code)

20. DeCS Server DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation VHL>HEALTH TERMINOLOGY

21. DeCS Server DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

22. Search by WordWord or TermResult for “Osteoporosis” DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

23. Search by WordExact DescriptorResult for “Osteoporosis” DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

24. Search By Index Alphabetical Index Result for “osteoporosis” DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

25. Search By Index “Keywords in Context” Index Result for “osteoporosis” DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

26. Search By Index Tree Index Category Titles DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

27. Search By Index Tree Index Result for “osteoporosis” DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

28. Search By Index Tree Index Result for “Surgical Procedures, Operative” DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. configuration lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation Some descriptors ommited in order to fit slide Click a descriptor to open its full record

29. Full record view “Surgical Procedures, Operative” previous page was its hierarchical view DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. index2record view lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

30. Occurrences in VHL DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types types of relations characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. index2record view occurrences in VHL lexical similarity occurrences in VHL alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

31. Lexical Similarity DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. index2record view occurrences in VHL lexical similarity alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

32. Lexical Similarity

33. Alphabetical ruler DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. index2record view occurrences in VHL lexical similarity alphabetical ruler availability/licensing for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation

34. DeCS Services DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. occurrences in VHL lexical similarity alphabetical ruler for computer applics. search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation • DeCS XML Server (XML format) http://decs.bvs.br/vmxi.htm • for computer applications • Search by descriptor tree code http://decs.bvs.br/cgi-bin/mx/cgi=@vmx/decs?lang=i&tree_id=B01.150.900.649.801.400.112.199.120.510.550 • Search by word or term http://decs.bvs.br/cgi-bin/mx/cgi=@vmx/decs?lang=e&words=Macaca mulatta • Search by lexical similarity (via trigrams)http://trigramas.bireme.br/cgi-bin/mx/cgi=@1?collection=DeCSi&text=cardiovascula&maxrel=10&minsim=0.30&xml • Ocorrences of the DeCS concept in the BVS information sourceshttp://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/mxlindG4.exe/cgi=@iah/decs?db=LILACS&db=MEDLINE&&db=EQUIDAD&db=WHOLIS&k1=SP1&k2=SP1&count=10

35. Documentation DeCS/MeSH description in brief uses description categories / numbers types of terms descriptors synonyms qualifiers check-tags publication types characteristics trilingual polyhierarchical postcoordination precoordination services for users browser help record view word search exact term index view alphabetical i. kwic i. tree i. occurrences in VHL lexical similarity alphabetical ruler for computer applics. documentation search by tree code word or term lexical similarity user support update number of accesses documentation • VHL > Health terminology > About DeCS • VHL > Health terminology > DeCS news > DeCS 2011 edition • VHL > Health terminology > DeCS news > DeCS previous editions

36. Accesses to DeCS in the Regional VHL site DeCS 2007 - http://logs.bireme.br/cgi-bin/awstats.pl?month=01&year=2007&output=main&config=decs2007-bvsalud-org DeCS 2008 - http://logs.bireme.br/cgi-bin/awstats.pl?month=01&year=2008&output=main&config=decs2008-bvsalud-org DeCS 2009 - http://logs.bireme.br/cgi-bin/awstats.pl?month=01&year=2009&output=main&config=decs2009-bvsalud-org DeCS 2010 - http://logs.bireme.br/cgi-bin/awstats.pl?month=01&year=2010&output=main&config=decs2010-bvsalud-org DeCS 2011 - http://logs.bireme.br/cgi-bin/awstats.pl?month=01&year=2011&output=main&config=decs2011-bvsalud-org

37. DeCS Update • Besides the annual update occurring in DeCS as a consequence of the modification and creation of MeSH terms by NLM and user suggestions by use of the DeCS User Support page, a new category will be added to DeCS following the criteria published in the “DeCS Update Guide” • Lack of a controlled terminology for indexing documents in a health science domain not covered or not fully expressed by DeCS/MeSH; • Validation of the proposed terminology by the DeCS Technical Committee; • New concepts may be added to DeCS also under the criteria published in the “DeCS Update Guide”: • Ocurrence in the literature • Scope note, with source • Suggested MeSH Concept(s)

38. Bibliography MeSH homepage http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh UMLS homepage http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/umlsmain.html DeCS homepage http://decs.bvs.br/I/homepagei.htm or http://decs.bvsalud.org/I/homepagei.htm DeCS description and uses http://decs.bvs.br/I/decswebi2011.htm http://decs.bvsalud.org/I/decswebi2011.htm Serviços XML DeCS: http://decs.bvs.br/vmxi.htm http://decs.bvsalud.org/vmxi.htm Guidelines for DeCS Updating http://bvsmodelo.bvsalud.org/php/level.php?lang=en&component=27&item=1 http://bvsmodelo.bvsalud.org/download/decs/DeCS-UpdateGuide.pdf This presentation: http://decs.bvs.br/presentations/DeCS2011_en.ppt

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40. Terminology • UMLS Unified Medical Language System • NLM initiative that mantains a Metathesaurus with more than 140 vocabularies related to health, a semantic web and lexical management tools • Annual update • MSH = MeSH • MSHSPA = Spanish MeSH = DeCS • MSHPOR = Portuguese MeSH = DeCS • SNOMED-CT Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine, Clinical Terms • LOINC Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes • MedDRA Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Terminology • CPT Physicians Current Procedural Terminology • HL7 Hospital Language Level 7 • …

41. VHL – Search result

42. GHL – Search result

44. Terms from the concept Chagas Disease in UMLS(*) (*)UMLS2007AC; strings English, Spanish, Portuguese; strings type PF/Y