Oriëntatie op CIW hoorcollege 6: Computercommunicatie

1. Oriëntatie op CIWhoorcollege 6: Computercommunicatie Gisela Redeker voor deze presentatie heb ik dankbaar gebruik gemaakt van materiaal van prof.dr. John Bateman (Universität Bremen)

2. Person Computer Person Computer Person Wat is computercommunicatie? Human-computer interaction (b.v. tekstverwerking, database) Computer als gereedschap Computer-mediated communication (b.v. e-mail, websites) Computer als medium

3. Wat maakt computercommunicatie speciaal? • onafhankelijk van tijd en plaats • aanpasbaar aan verschillende behoeftes • aanpasbaar voor diverse doelgroepen • te hergebruiken voor andere doelen

4. E- versus face-to-face discussie In your reply to David’s message at 21-Jan-2000 09:21:12 you said “that sucks”, but this is not what you said at 21-Jan-2000 09:20:30 to Pete. “Hey, you just told Pete it was OK.”

5. Wat maakt computercommunicatie speciaal? • onafhankelijk van tijd en plaats • aanpasbaar aan verschillende behoeftes • aanpasbaar voor diverse doelgroepen • te hergebruiken voor andere doelen

6. Wat maakt computercommunicatie speciaal? • onafhankelijk van tijd en plaats • aanpasbaar aan verschillende behoeftes • aanpasbaar voor diverse doelgroepen • te hergebruiken voor andere doelen

7. Wat maakt computercommunicatie speciaal? • onafhankelijk van tijd en plaats • aanpasbaar aan verschillende behoeftes • aanpasbaar voor diverse doelgroepen • te hergebruiken voor andere doelen

8. Person Person Person Person Information systems Computer Data Data

9. Automatic and Semi-automatic information extraction A A A A A A A A A User Interface Information Retrieval User Data Visualisation and Natural Language Generation Structured Knowledge Base Authors Example: the Dartbio information system:Artist Biographical Data

11. Information Request Handler User Museum Curators Data Web-browser Visualisation and Natural Language Generation Structured Knowledge Base Example: the ILEX system:Interactive Web-based Museum Explorer (University of Edinburgh) Form-based information input interface

12. University of Edinburgh ILEX System startup page Automatic webpage generation from an annotated data base

15. Development of information presentation From text to multimedia... gannets

16. Redistribution of Information across modalities and across time 1972 The plumage is white with a tinge of buff on the head and neck and dark brown, almost black, wing-tips. Immatures are firstdusky all over, laterpiebald or white sprinkled with dark spots. Plumage white, save the wing quills, which are dark brown, not black as usually stated. The fledglingblackish-slate, spotted white. Immature till the third or fourth year, and recognized by the dark brown, chiefly on the back, wings, and tail, which colour diminishes season by season till at maturity reduced to the brown of the wing quills. 1924 ADULT: White,black wing-tips, yellow nape. JUVENILE: Grey, gradually becoming white over 5 years. 1996

17. Integrating Words and Pictures Studies show that designers must help readers: • search for the information they want in prose and graphics, • make sense of it once they find it, • construct a coherent interpretation of the prose and of the graphics, • generate connections between the words and the pictures

18. ‘Rhetoric’ for organising information • something that is perceived as necessary for good document design: and particularly web design and online interaction... • but how to systematise and teach it?

19. The GEM project:‘Genre and Multimodality’(http://www.gem.stir.ac.uk)Stages in Analysis • Content analysis: what ‘facts’ are being communicated? • Layout analysis: • what layout elements are there`? • what is their hierarchical structure? • Rhetorical analysis: what is the RST structure? • Does the layout support the rhetoric?

20. Relation between content, rhetorical organisation and layout • examine the page layout • examine the rhetorical structure of the information as presented • look for interrelationships

22. Tekststructuur elaboration joint The artic explorer wears lots of warm clothes to protect him from the cold ‘material’ balaclava trousers mittens windproof top boots woolen underclothing

23. Lay-out

24. Lay-out en tekststructuur pagina G A B C D E F

26. Content Analysis

27. RST analysis background background elaboration elaboration body parts Tiger: pic attributes relationships comparisons lifespan diet weight length young height season body maturity gestation tail joint purpose means elaboration joint function coat joint coating of stripes background eyes hearing joint Tiger: mouth ( pic ) back of ears white spots claws canines molars ( pic ) function purpose ( pic ) claws why retract

28. Lay-out

29. Layout  tekststructuur Types of element: Drawing Intermediate Caption Textblock eyes ears coat mouth teeth claws

30. Symbolic Authoringe.g., Drafter project http://www.itri.brighton.ac.uk/projects/drafterAgile project http://www.itri.brighton/projects/agile • Symbolic authoring allows a ‘writer’ to produce texts via a specification of the texts’ intended meaning rather than directly as text • A text generation component then converts these specifications into natural texts • Advantages: • the text generation component can produce a variety of texts from the same information • e.g., variations in style and selectedlanguage • non-variation can be enforced, e.g., terminology

31. New Technologies and CMC • New technologies (such as Natural Language Processing) are changing the role that the computer can take on when mediating information • There are already significant applications where information presentation is largely taken over...