Agenda

1. Agenda • 1. Announcements • 2. Bellringer • 3. Review: Observations/Inference • 4. Scientific Inquiry PPT • 5. Scientific Inquiry Activity

2. Review: What are observations? • Observing = using senses to gather information • Quantitative Observations • Deal with numbers, amounts • Example: 97 oF • Qualitative Observations • Deal with descriptions • Example: very warm

3. Observations Inferences

4. The things that make you go hmmm???? Picture it. Everyday you go for a walk around the lake. There are so many animals and plants. You often hear frogs croaking and hopping along the path. You and your family have been going there for years. Then suddenly you notice something unusual

5. A day at the lake!! • Here is what you see!!

6. Steps of the Scientific Method

7. What is scientific inquiry? • You see something happen, you ask why? • You want to make something happen, you ask how? • Science is a tool for answering why and how.

8. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

9. Scientific Method Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion Communicate the Results

10. Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

11. Steps of the Scientific Method 2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.

12. Observations • Any information collected with the senses. • Quantitative – measureable or countable • 3 meters long • Qualitative – describable, not measureable • red flowers

13. Do you remember the next step?

14. Topic: Scientific Inquiry (Hypotheses) • EQ: What are the steps of scientific inquiry? (ISN 21)

15. Steps of the Scientific Method 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question. : If _______, then _____ statements

16. Example of a Hypothesis • If I leave home 10 minutes early, then I will get to school on time. • If I study for 2 hours per week, then I will do better in science class.

17. What is a hypothesis? • A tentative explanation that can be tested and is based on observation or scientific knowledge • Used to investigate a scientific question

18. Hypotheses • If your hypothesis is not proven correct then you simply have answered your question. The next step is to begin the process again.

19. Hypotheses • As new observations are collected original thoughts can change. Science is constantly changing.

20. Summarizing Activity • A. On (ISN pg 20) copy this table exactly as you see it on the next screen

21. Steps of the Scientific Method 4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list. The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).

22. Not so fast!! • Before you begin the experiment, there are certain things we have to look for • These are called • There are two types of variables • A. Test/Independent variable-the thing you will change • B. Outcome/Dependent variable:-what you observed happened. • C. Controls- the group you will compare to variables

23. Test/Independent variables are… • What is being tested • What is being changed • The ‘cause’ of a change

24. Outcome/ Dependent variables are… • What is observed • What is measured • The ‘effect’ caused by the independent variable

25. Steps of the Scientific Method 5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Confirm the results by retesting. Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

26. Steps of the Scientific Method 6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

27. Steps of the Scientific Method 7. Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project to an audience. Expect questions from the audience.

28. Observation/Research John researches the areas of baking and fermentation and tries to come up with a way to test his question. He keeps all of his information on this topic in a journal.

29. Problem/Question John wonders if the amount of sugar used in the recipe will affect the size of the bread loaf?

30. Problem/Question John watches his grandmother bake bread. He ask his grandmother what makes the bread rise. She explains that yeast releases a gas as it feeds on sugar.

31. Formulate a Hypothesis After talking with his teacher and conducting further research, he comes up with a hypothesis. “If more sugar is added, then the bread will rise higher.”

32. Experiment His teacher helps him come up with a procedureand list of needed materials. She discusses with John how to determine the control group.

33. Experiment John writes out his procedure for his experiment along with a materials list in his journal. He has both of these checked by his teacher where she checks for any safety concerns.

34. Experiment Once again, John gathers his materials and carries out his experiment. .

35. Collect and Analyze Results John comes up with a table he can use to record his data. John gets all his materials together and carries out his experiment.

36. Collect and Analyze Results John examines his data and notices that his control worked the best in this experiment, but not significantly better than 100g. of sugar.

37. Size of Baked Bread (LxWxH) cm3 Size of Bread Loaf (cm3) Trials Control group

38. Conclusion John rejects his hypothesis, but decides to re-test using sugar amounts between 50g. and 100g.

39. Conclusion John finds that 70g. of sugar produces the largest loaf. His hypothesis is accepted.

40. Communicate the Results John tells his grandmother about his findings and prepares to present his project in Science class.

41. Think you can name all seven steps? Collect and Analyze Results Formulate a Hypothesis Communicate the Results Observation/Research Problem/Question Experiment Conclusion

42. Homework: • A. Create a visual vocabulary sheet on the scientific method: • 1. Picture representing each step • 2. Explanation in your own words to describe the step. Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion Communicate the Results

43. Application of the Scientific Method • Problem: • You recently purchased a new plant from your hardware store. You water the plant everyday according to the directions, and notice the plant is beginning to wilt. • Apply the steps of the scientific method to this situation. Be prepared to share with the class

44. Let’s put our knowledge of the Scientific Method to a realistic example that includes some of the terms you’ll be needing to use and understand.

45. Caution! Be careful how you use effect and affect. Effect is usually a noun and affect, a verb. “ The effect of sugar amounts on the rising of bread.” “How does sugar affect the rising of bread?”

46. John talks with his teacher and she gives him a Experimental Design Diagram to help him set up his investigation.

48. Hypothesis The hypothesis is an educated guess about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Note: These variables will be defined in the next few slides.

49. Do you know the difference between the independent and dependent variables?

50. Independent Variable The independent, or test variable, is a factor that’s intentionally varied by the experimenter. John is going to use 25g., 50g., 100g., 250g., 500g. of sugar in his experiment.