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Electrogastrogram

Discovery. William Beaumont

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Electrogastrogram

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    1. Electrogastrogram Jayson Franky Dana

    2. Discovery William Beaumont– 1833 First to notice gastric psychological changes induced by various emotions. Later noted emotion causes increased and decreased gastric acid formation Also causes reflux of bile into stomach causing the slowing of gastric emptying

    3. October 14, 1921 First recording of Electrogastrogram Scientists begin to discover changes due to specific stimuli such as stress and anxiety Use EEG to measure gastric emptying Recent research has shown that improving quality of life will improve gastrointestinal disease.

    4. What is EGG Like EKG and heart Measures muscle activity related to the stomach and abdominal region. Measured from a baseline reading containing a regular rhythm. In a normal subject a current increase is observed after a meal. Still an early experimental procedure because it has yet to become a standard medical procedure.

    5. Gastrointestinal Problems Nausea Gastric Reflux Peptic Ulcer Irritable Bowel Syndrome Cirrhosis

    6. Nausea Uneasy feeling; feeling of vomiting Commonly associated with stomach but including all parts of the body Brought on by any and all physiological stimuli May cause dehydration or esophageal erosion and irritation

    7. Gastric Reflux Very common Reflux of stomach content into esophagus Causes damage to lining if occurring often Heartburn, burning pain Treatable with weight reduction, avoiding food and activities that cause reflux, avoiding situations that cause reflux, and some medication.

    8. Peptic Ulcers Break in surface of organ Excessive HCl formation, infection, some drugs (asprin, anti inflammatory) Indigestion, nausea, vomiting, bleeding Monitor pH levels in stomach Use biofeedback to maintain appropriate HCl amounts

    9. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Most common psychophysiological disease Caused by stress and anxiety and effects all parts of the digestive tract Stress increases corticotropin-releasing factors from brain inhibiting gastric emptying

    10. IBS (Cont) Causes various symptoms: abdominal pain, altered bowel habit, bloating, bowel noises, indigestion, nausea, headaches, etc. Avoid problematic food, improve bowel function, antidepressant medication, relaxation therapy, psychological counseling

    11. Cirrhosis Extended liver damage Not directly caused by emotional stimuli Alcohol abuse, drug abuse (hepatitis), AIDs Generally found amoung older individuals Irreversible

    12. References Mai FM. 1988. Beaumont’s Contribution to gastric psychophysiology: a reappraisal. Can J Psychiatry. 33: 650-653. Muth ER, Koch KL, Stern RM, Thayer JF. 1999. Effect of autonomic nervious system manipulations on gastric myoelectrical activity and emotional responses in healthy human subjects. Psychosom Med. 61: 297-303. www.gastro.net.au/gastrodiseases/index.php3

    13. Electrogastrography (EGG)

    14. Electrogastrography How it works. Difficulties. Precautions. EGG setup. Data acquisition and analysis. Capabilities and limitations of EGG. Applications.

    15. How EGG Works Very similar to EKG. Recording of electrical signals produced by the muscles of the stomach that control constriction. Two forms.

    16. Difficulties The main difficulty is the human EGG signal. 3 cycles/min sinusoid. Data obtained is difficult to analyze and abnormalities difficult to define. Interference from the duodenum and from the transverse and descending colon.

    17. Precautions Optimal recording conditions. Electrodes produce noise to an extent. Noise must be reduced (0-0.5Hz). Electrodes should be recessed. Skin abrasion. Ideally impedance below 10 Kila-ohmes.

    18. EGG setup EGG signal is recorded by electrodes that are placed over the upper abdomen.

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