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Some Thoughts to Consider 12

Some Thoughts to Consider 12. All of our study thus far has centered on knowledge representation for agents that use certain knowledge, using First Order Logic or FOL-equivalent representations.

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Some Thoughts to Consider 12

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  1. Some Thoughts to Consider 12 • All of our study thus far has centered on knowledge representation for agents that use certain knowledge, using First Order Logic or FOL-equivalent representations. In reality, agents never have access to the whole truth about their environment. They must act in the presence of uncertainty, incompleteness, and incorrectness. Therefore, there exist many probabilistic alternatives for reasoning under uncertainty in the AI tradition. All are incomplete attempts at solving a very hard problem. • CYC is a very large repository and reasoning engine for human common sense knowledge. What kinds of questions would one expect CYC to answer? What is the importance of CYC to the AI community?

  2. Hybrid Intelligent Systems • When single approaches and techniques are not sufficient to solve a problem, it is possible to combine techniques in very interesting ways. The following are such hybrids: • Neural Expert System • Neuro-Fuzzy System • Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System • Evolutionary Neural Network • Fuzzy Evolutionary System

  3. The Nature of Planning • Planning can be viewed as a type of problem solving in which an agent uses beliefs about actions and their consequences to search for a solution over the more abstract space of plans, rather than over the space of situations (states). • Most planning systems represent states and operators in the STRIPS language. • STRIPS - Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver. • Now it is SRI International. • Now it is a planner, not a problem solver. • STRIPS operators have 3 components: • Action description. • Precondition. • Effect. • Typical planner agents are regression planners that start with goal states and work backward to successively find preconditions and operators that achieve them. A solution to the plan is found when all preconditions to all the plan steps are satisfied. • Knowledge representation for planning is similar to that for problem solving, except that the knowledge is one level of abstraction higher.

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