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Child Development Theorists: Lev Vygotsky & Erik Erikson

Child Development Theorists: Lev Vygotsky & Erik Erikson. By: Sarah Turner and Emily Downs. Erik Erikson. Born 1902 in Germany Died 1994 Enrolled in art school Taught art to American children who had come to Germany for Freudian training Admitted into Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute

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Child Development Theorists: Lev Vygotsky & Erik Erikson

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  1. Child Development Theorists: Lev Vygotsky & Erik Erikson By: Sarah Turner and Emily Downs

  2. Erik Erikson • Born 1902 in Germany • Died 1994 • Enrolled in art school • Taught art to American children who had come to Germany for Freudian training • Admitted into Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute • In 1933 came to U.S. and became Boston’s first child analyst • Obtained position at Harvard Medical School • Later on became clinician and psychiatric consultant

  3. Erik Erikson’s Theory • 1st stage: Trust vs. Mistrust • 2nd stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt • 3rd stage: Initiative vs. Guilt • 4th stage: Industry vs. Inferiority • 5th stage: Identity vs. Identity Confusion • 6th stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation • 7th stage: Integrity vs. Despair

  4. Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust • Birth- 1 or 2 years • A child needs to experience trust in early life • If a child learns to mistrust more than trust, the child will become frustrated, withdrawn, suspicious and will lack self-confidence

  5. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt • 2-3 years old • Parents need to be supportive so the child can develop a sense of self-control without a loss of self-esteem • If a child experiences an overly controlling parent they will not be able to do anything on their own

  6. Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt • 3-5 years old • Develops sense of responsibility • Encouraged children to be as independent as possible • Set expectations that are in line with child’s individual abilities • Key strength that grows out of the stage is purpose

  7. Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority • 5-12 years old • Time of great adventure • Problems arise when a child feels inadequate • Teacher or parent who overemphasizes mistakes can make child not want to learn • Essential for child to learn to do things with others

  8. Stage 5: Identity vs. Identity Confusion • Adolescence • Seek true identity • Either follow a crowd to be a part of something or develop sense of individuality

  9. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation • Young adulthood • Only able to form intimate feelings with others if they succeed in finding their identity (stage 5) • Either find intimacy in partner, friendship or family or they lead a life of isolation

  10. Stage 7: Integrity vs. Despair • Late adulthood • Either feel like they have contributed to society or haven’t • Decides whether elderly person will be happy or discontent with life

  11. Lev Vygotsky • Born in 1896 in Byelorussia • Graduated from Moscow University • Studied literature and psychology • Worked at Institute of Psychology in Moscow • Died of tuberculosis at age 38, in 1934

  12. Sociocultural(Social Development Theory) • Focuses on how values, beliefs, skills and traditions are transmitted to the next generation • Fundamentally cultural • There is a zone of proximal development that reveals a pattern • Consciousness and cognition is the end product of social behavior • “More Knowledgeable Other”

  13. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) • The variation between a student being able to perform a task independently or being able to do it will adult/peer help

  14. More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) • Refers to anyone whose learning/cognition level is above the student’s level • Could be a parent, teacher, coach, older sibling, tutor, computer etc.

  15. Social Interaction • Social learning precedes development • “Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first between people and then inside the child.” (said by Vygotsky)

  16. Comparison

  17. Bibliography Arlene, By. "Erik Erikson Stages of Development." Google. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. <http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:AnjdoAI4RJIJ:www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm did erikson believe in connection between culture and learning?&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us>. "Definitions of Sociocultural Theory." The University of New Mexico. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. <http://www.unm.edu/~devalenz/handouts/sociocult.html>. "Psychology History." Welcome to Muskingum University. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/ps ycweb/history/erikson.htm>. "Social Development Theory (Vygotsky) at Learning Theories." At Learning Theories. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. <http://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html>.

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