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TACTICS TRAINING

UNCLASSIFIED. TACTICS TRAINING. UNCLASSIFIED. COURSE OUTLINE. The Unit Mission and Tasking Composite Force Structure Safe Passage The Threat Aircraft Aerodynamics. Mission and Tasking. The Mission

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TACTICS TRAINING

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  1. UNCLASSIFIED TACTICS TRAINING UNCLASSIFIED

  2. COURSE OUTLINE • The Unit Mission and Tasking • Composite Force Structure • Safe Passage • The Threat • Aircraft Aerodynamics

  3. Mission and Tasking • The Mission - “Provide the timely movement of limited numbers of critical personnel and cargo for the assigned user” Air Force Doctrine Document 30, 1 Oct 95 - As determined by Combatant/Component CommandersSupport Airlift (CSA) • Tasking - How will you be tasked? - Where will you go? - What does it mean?

  4. Composite Force Structure • Where do you fit in? - Airlift Basics - Theater Operations • Operational Command and Control - AFCC/JFACC/DIRMOBFOR - AOC/JAOC - ALCC/AME - AECC

  5. AIRLIFT BASICS Airlift Objectives Determined by NCA Force National Policy Execution Enablement Enhancement

  6. AIRLIFT BASICS Airlift Objectives Determined by NCA Force National Policy Execution Enablement Enhancement Airlift Functions Force Mobility Options - Deploy - Sustain - Maneuver

  7. AIRLIFT BASICS Airlift Objectives Determined by NCA Force National Policy Execution Enablement Enhancement Airlift Functions Force Mobility Options Combat Delivery Options - Deploy - Sustain - Maneuver • Airland/Airborne • assault • - Combat resupply

  8. AIRLIFT BASICS Airlift Objectives Determined by NCA Force National Policy Execution Enablement Enhancement Airlift Functions Force Mobility Options Combat Delivery Options Non-Lethal Applications - Humanitarian assist - Disaster response - Global presence - International stability - Deploy - Sustain - Maneuver - Airland/Airborne assault - Combat resupply

  9. Airlift Classification Strategic - Long range - Large capacity - USCINCTRANS operational control thru AMC/ACC - Apportioned among the services by SECDEF thru CJCS

  10. Airlift Classification Strategic Theater - Long range - Large capacity - USCINCTRANS operational control thru AMC/ACC - Apportioned among the services by SECDEF thru CJCS - Shorter range - Operate in tactical environment - Assigned to theater Combatant/Component Commanders - Joint force asset apportioned by Joint Force Commander

  11. Airlift Classification Strategic Theater Organic - Shorter range - Operate in tactical environment - Assigned to theater Combatant/Component Commanders - Joint force asset apportioned by Joint Force Commander - Long range - Large capacity - USCINCTRANS operational control thru AMC/ACC - Apportioned among the services by SECDEF thru CJCS - Supports specific service not a common user asset - Army aviation, Marine and Navy C-130, OSA - OSA assigned to individual Combatant Commander

  12. THEATER OPERATIONS • Conops - Common-user air transport within a Combatant/Component Commanders area of responsibility (AOR) • Task - movement of critical personnel and cargo • Organization • USAF provides all common-user airlift for Theater CINC or Joint Force Commander (JFC) • Assets assigned to CINC by SECDEF thru Chairman Joint Chief of Staff CJCS • Airlift assets attached to appropriate MAJCOM and under Operational Control (OPCON) of the Air Force Component Commander (AFCC) • Permanently assigned forces fall under Combatant Command of theater Combatant/Component Commanders (i.e. Yokota (PACOM) and Ramstein (EUCOM) ) • Temporarily attached forces fall under Operational Control of theater Combatant/Component Commanders

  13. OPERATIONAL COMMAND AND CONTROL Theater CINC/JFC

  14. OPERATIONAL COMMAND AND CONTROL Theater CINC/JFC • Air Force Component Commander - OPCON theater airlift forces • Joint Force Air Component Commander - exercise control thru AFCC • JFACC can establish Director of Mobility Forces (DIRMOBFOR) • to be coordinating authority between ALCC, AME, AOC AFCC/JFACC

  15. OPERATIONAL COMMAND AND CONTROL Theater CINC/JFC • Air Force Component Commander - OPCON theater airlift forces • Joint Force Air Component Commander - exercise control thru AFCC • JFACC can establish Director of Mobility Forces (DIRMOBFOR) • to be coordinating authority between ALCC, AME, AOC • (Joint)Airlift Operations Center - controls all theater air operations • normally AFCC exercises OPCON thru AOC director AFCC/JFACC AOC/JAOC

  16. OPERATIONAL COMMAND AND CONTROL Theater CINC/JFC • Air Force Component Commander - OPCON theater airlift forces • Joint Force Air Component Commander - exercise control thru AFCC • JFACC can establish Director of Mobility Forces (DIRMOBFOR) • to be coordinating authority between ALCC, AME, AOC • (Joint)Airlift Operations Center - controls all theater air operations • normally AFCC exercises OPCON thru AOC director • Airlift Coordination Cell - subfunction of AOC; plan, coordinate, • manage, execute theater airlift operations • If strategic airlift is required, an Air Mobility Element (AME) • can be used in theater or coordinate directly with TACC AFCC/JFACC AOC/JAOC ALCC

  17. OPERATIONAL COMMAND AND CONTROL Theater CINC/JFC • Air Force Component Commander - OPCON theater airlift forces • Joint Force Air Component Commander - exercise control thru AFCC • JFACC can establish Director of Mobility Forces (DIRMOBFOR) • to be coordinating authority between ALCC, AME, AOC • (Joint)Airlift Operations Center - controls all theater air operations • normally AFCC exercises OPCON thru AOC director • Airlift Coordination Cell - subfunction of AOC; plan, coordinate, • manage, execute theater airlift operations • If strategic airlift is required, an Air Mobility Element (AME) • can be used in theater or coordinate directly with TACC • Aeromedical Evacuation Coordination Center - subfunction of the ALCC • that coordinates all aeromedical requirements in theater; will coordinate • with AME or TACC as appropriate for strategic airlift AFCC/JFACC AOC/JAOC ALCC AECC

  18. Safe Passage for Aircrew • Airspace Control and Air Defense Procedures • Authentication Procedures • Safe Passage Procedures

  19. The Threat It is estimated that 90% of aircrews shot down in recent times never knew there was a threat.

  20. Indirect Threats • Early Warning Radar • Passive Detection

  21. Early Warning Radar • These systems detect, track, and identify friendly and/or hostile aircraft. • What can we do? • Be aware with up-to-date Intel • Avoid the threat • Terrain mask if necessary

  22. Passive Detection • These detection systems detect anything transmitting from the aircraft. (i.e. radios, radar altimeter, wx radar, etc.) • What can we do? • Be aware with up-to-date Intel • Avoid the threat • Limit use of all com radios • Limit use of radar, transponder, TACAN, and radar altimeter

  23. Direct Threats • Ground Based • AAA/Small Arms • SAMs • Air Based • Fighters

  24. Ground Based • AAA/Small Arms • Optic Guided - Limited range • Radar Guided - Longer range - Generally tied to the early warning system • Expect engagements of greater distance than stated in 3-1 Chap 4 (classified document). • Small Arms Fire – Limited range • What can we do? • Be aware with up-to-date Intel • Avoid the threat • Use of flak vests is highly desirable

  25. Ground Based • Surface-to-Air missiles • IR-guided - Most likely will be used during takeoff and landing • What can we do? • Be aware with up-to-date Intel • Avoid the threat • Plan on tactical approaches and departures to get/stay away from the threat • Acquire the missile visually • Max perform the aircraft to defeat the threat

  26. Air Based Threats • Air Intercept Radar • Look down-shoot down capability • Must have target moving towards or away from at certain speeds • Air-To-Air Guns • Immune to many of the tracking and guidance problems associated with missiles at low altitude • Effective use requires considerable skill and practice • For the fighter, size of the target poses a special problem

  27. Air Based Threats • Helicopter Threat • Very dependent on the helicopter’s capabilities • Speed of the airlifter is a definite asset • Higher altitudes will reduce this threat • Airlifters can easily out climb helicopters • What Can We Do? • Know all possible threats, ask questions before the mission • Mission plan around, over or under the known threats • If a threat is encountered consider the following: - Limit exposure time by increasing speed - Climb or descend as appropriate - Use terrain masking if able

  28. Aircraft Aerodynamics • Tactical Considerations • Energy Management • Terrain Avoidance • Tactical Approaches/Departures

  29. Tactical Considerations • Will dictate the type of approach necessary at your destination • Goal is to remain outside of enemy weapons threat envelope • Threat analysis is needed to determine the advantages or disadvantages of various approaches • Accurate Intel is essential • Planning cannot be overemphasized • Plan to get slowed down, configured, and in a position to make a safe landing within the landing zone • Flexibility is the key

  30. Energy Management • Considerations to energy management during random approaches are very important for a successful approach • 2 types of energy - potential and kinetic • To reduce kinetic, we must slow down by reducing thrust, increasing form drag, increasing induced drag, or changing track distance • To increase form drag we can use flaps, gear, spoilers, or uncoordinated flight (not generally acceptable) • To increase induced drag we put the aircraft in a turn (increase its AOA), however watch out for accelerated stalls • Track distance may be dictated by the enemy, so prior planning for when you will start dissipating your energy is essential and requires good crew coordination

  31. Terrain Avoidance • Must be low to minimize the threat, but high enough to avoid the ground • Use terrain masking if at all possible into the airfield, this will minimize your chances for being targeted • Watch terrain clearance closely and allow extra ground clearance for turning maneuvers

  32. Tactical Approaches • Random Steep Approach • High altitude, VMC maneuver • Alternate method to approach an airfield when field perimeter security is limited, or when the terrain does not permit a normal traffic pattern • Offers numerous letdown options • Curvilinear (Random Shallow) Approach • Low altitude, high speed, VMC maneuver • Performed from any position other than a normal straight-in or downwind

  33. Random Steep

  34. Curvilinear

  35. Tactical Departures • Spiral-Up Departure • Planning for departures is equally as important as for arrivals • Know your performance data • Know when and where you plan to turn out of traffic and where you are going after the turn • Be aware of any threats with up-to-date Intel

  36. Spiral-Up

  37. UNCLASSIFIED TACTICS TRAINING QUESTIONS? UNCLASSIFIED

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